摘要
太陽光電產業是我國未來經濟發展重要的一項支柱，本於此，本文嘗試從近程、遠程，以及基礎的關鍵性基礎科技議題三個面向，就國內外專家對太陽光電面臨挑戰的論點，筆者也深感認同部份，提出供大家參考。 近程重點在說明矽晶材料的製程開發，尤偏重於UMG-Si的進展，說明MG-Si生產技術研究發展方向，融熔結晶純化技術引入助熔劑的概念，以及其成效；也略述促進融熔混合在方向性固化技術發展的重要性。不同矽原料純化技術，其能源與溫室效益的比較，亦加以介紹。 遠程方面，光電效率超過50%，是許多先進國家目標，努力的方向包括：1.多重接合太陽能電池；2.多能階光電池；3.可變光頻光電池；4.多重激發太陽光電池；5.熱載子太陽光電池。上述努力方向是植基於多重接合效益與使用直接能階間距材料考量。就基礎關鍵性研究方面提出：1.不同材質的介面問題；2.長晶過程的應力舒張機制；3.光捕捉結構；4.成核與晶體成長機構；5.電荷載體在介面的動力理論探討；6.電子－電洞重合機制；7.低維材料特性研究。重點圍繞在產生光電效應的晶體材料，其晶體的完整性，探討獲得最低缺陷涉及的理論與實務，瞭解電子－電洞在材料中的行為。 太陽光電相關科技領域，不論針對已商業化或開發中，都尚有非常多關鍵性的知識領域與技術，待人們去瞭解與實現。相信只要在這些方面我們能有所突破，台灣成為具科技與經濟深層意涵的太陽能光電產業應是可期。
並列摘要
Solar cell industry will play an important role in future economic development in Taiwan, and will be crucial in GHG mitigation and as an energy resource for Taiwan. Base on this awareness, some of the short term, long term and critical science and technologies challenges facing the solar cell industry were outline. The short term challenges mainly focus on production technologies of solar-grade crystalline silicon material. Especially, attention will emphasize on production technologies of up-grade metallurgical silicon, including low temperature solidification technology, molding and modification of carbothermic synthesis of MG-Si, rotation or stirring of crucible during zone refining operation. Regarding to long term challenges, solar cells with efficient higher than 50% shall be the target. In order to achieve this ultimate goal, five kinds of solar cells were proposed: multiple junction solar cells, multiple energy level solar cells, optical frequency shifting solar cells, multiple exciton generation solar cells, and hot carrier solar cells. To all the cells mention above, direct band gap materials shall be applied. After more than 50 years efforts, still, there are some fundamental issues need to be addressed, including: control of interfaces between dissimilar materials, templating, strain relaxation, light-trapping structures, control over nucleation and growth for producing high-quality thin films, mechanism of recombination, and low study of dimension materials. Although there are many more issues need to be resolved, highlighting the importance of obtaining a good crystal structure is the main concern here. Technologically there are many hurdles should be overcome in solar cells development, no matter they are for products which have been commercialized or under developed. In another aspect, there are opportunities for local solar cell industry. How to reach out and grape the fruits have to rely on our efforts and wisdom.