從就業動向與選擇要素及市場需求探討我國博士級人力參與產業界創新研發可行作法

Exploring the Feasible Ways to Make More Doctoral Manpower to Participate in Industrial Innovation from the Perspectives of Job's Situations and Consideration of Choices and Market Needs

林紫妦(Tzu-Feng Marlene Lin) ； 游啟聰(Chi-Tsung You) ； 王建彬(Chien-Pin Wang)

《科技發展政策報導》 6期 (2009/11) Pp. 74-89

https://doi.org/10.6446/STPR.200911.0074

摘要

產業界要創新，需要投入更多研發與高素質人力。本研究的目的是探討我國博士級人力就業現況及釐清低意願投入產業界服務的原因，同時標竿國際相關政策措施，最後建議我國博士級人力參與產業界創新研發可行作法，以期研發成果能促進經濟產值且提升國家競爭力。
就業現況：工作機關（學校最多）、屬性分布（教學研究最多）、職業類別（教師居多）、機關規模（大型為主）、工作地點（北部居多）、工作滿意度（三成很滿意；六成滿意）、不同學門、職業類別與性別之就業考量因素（不同）及至業界就業意願（不高）。
低意願至業界服務的原因，從人力供給面：業界吸引就業條件不足、個人就業考量因素不同、工作滿意度仍有待提升、產業發展與經營知識不足、博士生參與業界研究機會較少；從業界需求面：業界創新研發風氣與環境未成熟且博士需求量有限、政府提供研發經費補助低於學界（業界研發執行居全國之冠）、博士人力工作配合態度與知識多元性不夠彈性；在產學之間方面：博士人力流動率低、產學研合作仍不夠緊密、產學研發類型重點不同且技術移轉銜接有缺口。提出五點建議：透過國家型或橋接計畫來加強產學研合作，以促進博士級人力有效發揮；推動博士畢業前至業界實習制度，以增加產業經驗與選擇留在業界就業機會；提升業主雇用博士人力意願與改善就業環境條件；修改政府補助計畫審查標準，以鼓勵業界博士或學界教授與博士生參與；改善博士班課程內容，以滿足博士生特殊學習需求及對產業環境瞭解。

關鍵字

博士人力 ； 博士畢業生 ； 就業現況 ； 就業選擇考量因素

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the stauts of doctoral graduates' job situation, find out major reasons of reducing more doctoral graduates willing to work for private corporations, then, analyze the latest strategies of advanced contries in promoting doctoral graduates to work for industry, and finally propose feasible suggestions for decision-makers as reference in order to expect more profound research results to create economic profits and increase national competitiveness.
The findings of status of doctoral graduates' job situation indicate: most institutions choosen (schools or universities), most occupations choosen (teaching and researches), most of size of organizations choosen (big organizations), most location choosen (north part of Taiwan), job satisfaction (90% feel satisfied), factors choosen for a job varied among different occupational groups, and low desire to work for private sectors.
The reasons of reducing more doctoral graduates willing to work for private corporations are discussed in three dimensions. From manpower supply side, lack of attractive conditions offered by private sector, personal considerations varied, job satisfaction needed to improve in private sector, lack of knowledge in industrial development and business operation, and lack of experience in participating researches with corporations. From demand side, limit among of doctoral degree holders needed due to immature stage of corporate innovative atmosphere and environment, corporate funding supported by government lower than academic funding, lack of good working attitudes and multi-tasks. Between supply and demand side, low rate of manpower mobility between university to industry, lack of close collaboration among university, industry and research instiutions, type of researches' focus varied between university and industry, and existing gap of technology transfer from university to industry.
Five feasible suggestions of this study proposed as follows: (1) to use national progam to enforce industry-academy cooperation, so as to promote involvement of doctoral manpower; (2) to promote industrial internship system before graduation, so as to increase doctoral students' industrial working experience and consideration for staying industry sector as long-term carrer plan; (3) to increase corporates' willingness of hiring doctoral graduates or holders and improve working conditions; (4) to modify the requirement of applying governmental funding project, as so to encourage more doctoral holders, professors and doctoral students needed to get involved; (5) to improve or expand doctoral students' training program, so as to satisfy students' special needs and understanding of business world.

並列關鍵字

Doctoral Manpower or Graduates ； Status of Job Situation ； Factors of Job Selection