印巴核武試爆後中共的南亞安全政策

The India-Pakistan Nuclear Rivalry and the PRC's South Asian Security Policy

張雅君(Ya-Chun Chang)

《中國大陸研究》 43卷2期 (2000/02) Pp. 15-35

https://doi.org/10.30389/MCS.200002_43(2).0002

摘要

冷戰結束後，中共在南亞的最大安全利益是促進南亞區域情勢的安全和穩定，並且同南亞國家改善或加強關係，以維護一個和平安定的周邊與內陸環境，使中共能全力發展經濟，並且同美國和日本競爭在東亞的利益。中共的南亞安全政策因此表現在對南亞各國實行全方位、不結盟、平衡性的睦鄰外交，以及對南亞地區紛爭上採取中立不介入的立場，同時積極堆動同印度之間的信心建立措施。然而，印度始終對中共和巴基斯坦的關係發展無法釋疑，加上中共軍事和經濟發展同印度國家戰略相互衝突，印度因此不願接受中共對亞太政治和國際秩序的主導和安排，終於選擇了以發展最低限度的核武嚇阻力量來作為抗衡中共的工具。此迫使中共轉而認為西部和西南安全受到嚴重威脅，中共尤其憂慮印度籍核武試爆條約，以避免南亞形勢發展進一步不利於自身，中共在核武政策上選擇的是不恢復合試爆；在睦鄰外交的形式層面，對南亞各國實行的仍是全方位與不結盟政策，不過在實質層面則有企業聯合巴基斯坦和南亞其他小國來遏制印度的蹟象。

關鍵字

安全政策 ； 睦鄰外交 ； 信心建立措施 ； 隱性嚇阻戰略 ； 最低限度核武嚇阻

並列摘要

After the end of cold war, the PRC has continually pursued the promotion of a peaceful regional situation on South Asia and the improvement of relations with South Asia countries. These pursuits help ensure that the PRC has a peaceful environment in which to engage in which to engage in economic construction and compete as a great power with Japan and the United State. Therefore, the PRC has promoted a friendly, non-aligned foreign policy and has advanced the concept of Confidence Building Measures. In addition, the PRC has dept a neutral stance regarding the various disputes in South Asia. India, the largest country in South Asia, has not changed hostile perception to the PRC, however. India fears the Sino-Pakistan relationship and has other conflicting national interests with the PRC. These fears made India conduct nuclear tests last year. Facing this new strategic situation redarding nuclear competition in South Asia, the PRC has adopted a few responses. First, the PRC has emphasize that it will not resume nuclear tests in order to pressure India to sign the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Second, the PRC has continued improving relations with other South Asian countries.

並列關鍵字

Security policy ； confidence building measures ； a strategy of recessed deterrence ； minimal nuclear deterrence

參考文獻

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