This article is intended to summarize and analyze the PRC’s educational policy and the development of education in Mainland China for the past fifty years. The framework of this study is the fifty years of PRC history, which is generally split into three stages: 1)the 17 years after the establishment of the PRC, 2) the 18 years after the outbreak of the so-called “the Great cultural Revolution,” and 3)the 15 years beginning with the issuance of the 1985’s“Decision on Reforms of Educational System.” Subsequently, the education policy changes and the consequences for the development of education on Mainland china are also examined