魅力型權威與大陸農村社區發展之研究以村黨委書記權威為例

目前大陸農村社區中，權威結構是一種來自法理型(鄉村政權組織)、傳統型(家族體系)和人格型(個人魅力)三種基礎上的綜合。權威結構與農村發展間具有很大關聯性，好的權威結構將可凝聚人心，提高生產積極性，促進社區發展。惟如果權威結構失去了被支配者的認同，則不論其是否存在強制力，權威結構都會失去穩定性。有時在支書權威的陰影下，農民經常累積不少怨氣，在適當時機下借機反抗，其間居中引線的，則是農村的「新權威人士」或「反權威人士」。

關鍵字

農民負擔；支書；魅力權威；依法抗爭

並列摘要

In rural China, village-level governance is usually grounded in three types of political authority. Traditional authority often comes from powerful clans; Legal authority is mostly founded on formal political institutions; and charismatic authority, which without doubt, customarily stems from personal charisma. These types of authority, this paper argues, have a lot to do with a village's potentials to achieve economic development. Almost all fast-growing village economies have capable CCP party secretaries who bring together fellow villagers for industrial production and collective welfare. On the other hand, once a party secretary goes through a ”legitimacy crisis,” the economic growth of the village will soon be stunted. In other occasions, the despotic rule of party secretaries may also generate discontent and frustration. Even in those cases, without certain changes in political authority－such as a new leadership or the anti-regime elite, a real revolution will still be out of the question.