中俄睦鄰友好合作條約的性質、意涵與影響

The Nature, Implication and Influence of the Russia-China Friendship and Cooperation Treaty

張雅君(Yac-Hun Chang)

《中國大陸研究》 45卷2期 (2002/03) Pp. 35-59

https://doi.org/10.30389/MCS.200203_45(2).0002

摘要

二OO一念七月中共與俄羅斯簽署睦鄰友好合作條約，其內涵呈現了平等互利、不結盟和綜合安全的性質。不同於一九五O年中蘇友好同盟互助條約呈現的軍事同盟性質，2001條約之所以強調不結盟，一則是因為一九五O年條約的代價大於報酬，二則是冷戰結束後的國際環境由於意識形態影響因素下降，經濟因素影響上升，以及全球化趨勢而呈現了合作大於對抗的特質，中共和俄羅斯因此並沒有再度結盟的需要。然而冷至戰結束後美國作為唯一超強的安全戰略，在九O年代對於中共和俄羅斯的安全和戰略利益構成壓擠和制約，此也導致中共和俄羅斯在九O年代中期後不斷推進的雙邊關係因此自然呈現高度的安全和戰略意涵。二OO一年睦鄰合作條約的簽署更明顯因為小布希上台後更趨強硬的安全策略，尤其是堅持發NMD而醞含了類似同盟條約的功能。但基本上，在國際環境主要朝合作方向發展的趨勢下，中共、俄羅斯和美國三角關係主要仍呈現了三軸正面互動的模式，中共和俄羅斯關係發展所醞含的對抗美國功能仍是潛在的、隱伏的，以及流動性的，並不會結構性的形成類似五O年代的穩定婚姻三角。這也說明2001條約對當前國際關係的影響是有限的，其最大的臥用仍在於促進中俄雙邊關係的穩定，增強雙邊的相互信任，從而使中共、俄羅斯在同美國的關係互動上能維持一個有利的地位。

關鍵字

同盟 ； 不結盟 ； 統一戰線 ； 三軸互動模式

並列摘要

The PRC and Russia signed a ”friendship and cooperation treaty” in July 2001. This treaty is characterized by the spirit of equality, mutual-benefit, non-alignment, and comprehensive security. Unlike the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance signed n 1950 that reflected a military alliance, this treaty in 2001 emphasizes non-alignment because 1) the 1950 treaty was not beneficial and 2) due to the growing importance of economic factors and globalization in the post-cold war era which ender Russia-China alliance unnecessary. Given the general trend of cooperation in international relations today, China, Russia and the US still interact in the formation of a ménage a trois. The potential antagonistic character of the Sino-Russian relations is still secondary, implicit, and precarious and will not turn into a stable marriage in the 1950s. This potentiality shows that the treaty in 2001 has only a limited impact on the current international relations and its most important task is to stabilize Sino-Russian ties, improve mutual trust, and there fore place both countries in a better position in their interaction with the US.

並列關鍵字

alliance ； non-alignment ； the United Front ； ménage a trois

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