關於「貧窮」的政治學－湖南省永順縣扶貧考察的省思

Defining Poverty in Yongshuen County: Local Agency in the Western Hunan Anti-Poverty Campaign

石之瑜(Chih-Yu Shih)

《中國大陸研究》 46卷4期 (2003/07) Pp. 125-144

摘要

政治學雖然沒有直接處理貧窮的問題，但是在政治學的研究議程上，貧窮卻是一個無所不在的課題。不同的政治理論如自由主義、馬克斯主義、制度主義、儒家思想、社會主義，對貧窮的定義與分析亦不同，所以改善貧窮現象的策略就不同。本文根據在湖南省永順縣考察扶貧工作時的訪談資料，讀出了隱含各種立場的貧窮論述，貧窮所指涉的內涵，包括收入、溫飽、生產條件、效益動機與生態環境。雖然可以抽象地定義貧窮，但實踐中卻很難客觀地界定貧窮，使得縣政府、扶貧隊、村榦部與村民都得以參與設釋貧窮。其中生態扶貧的提法將落後與先進，匱乏與豐富等相對的概念統合在一起，最具有在論述上產生突破效果的潛能，使得貧窮這個原本由國家機器所建構的論述，具有了不可壟斷的意義空問。

關鍵字

貧窮 ； 扶貧 ； 政治學 ； 湖南省 ； 湘西省自治州 ； 永順縣 ； 生態

並列摘要

Poverty is not a subject matter familiar to most political scientists, although their research agenda refers to poverty in one way or another-mostly indirectly. There is no shared meaning of poverty among liberals, Marxists, institutionalists, Confucianists, and socialists. As a result, their approaches to poverty differ from one another widely. This paper reports on field interviews of poverty- eliminating teams conducted in Yongshuen County, Western Hunan. From the interviews, poverty indeed means quite different things when different people on different sites refer to it at different times. Poverty can be indicated by income, life necessity, productive infrastructure, motivation for higher profit and ecological condition. County officials, team members, village cadres and villagers all participate in negotiating the meaning of poverty. The theoretical implication for political scientists is that the state is no longer able to monopolize the poverty discourse.

並列關鍵字

Poverty ； poverty-eliminating project ； political science ； Hunan ； Western Hunan Autonomous Prefecture ； Yongshuen County ； ecology

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