“九七”後香港立法會選舉制度對政黨體系的影響

Electoral Rules of LegCo after 1997: Their Impact on Hong Kong's Partisan System

梁玉英(Yu-Ying Liang)

《中國大陸研究》 47卷2期 (2004/06) Pp. 137-164

https://doi.org/10.30389/MCS.200406_47(2).0006

摘要

香港立法機關共有六十名議員，分別經由直選、功能團體選舉及選舉委員會選舉三種途徑選出。「九七」後，特區政府棄用殖民地時期最後一屆立法局的選舉制度。特區立法會直選由單一選區相對多數決制，改變為比例代表制；功能團體選舉恢復團體選民原來每一個法人團體一票的制度，並重新甄選九個功能團體界別；選舉委員會選舉的選舉團本由直選的地方議會議員組成，也改以功能團體選舉方式産生。選舉結果，民主派政黨民主黨在直選的超額代表優勢大為下降，親中共的民主建港聯盟則得以擺脫過去代表性不足的劣勢，小黨亦分配到一部分議席；保守的自由黨在功能團體選舉的優勢維持不變，無黨籍的獨立候選人當選人數也逐屆增加；選舉委員會選舉的議席全由親中共勢力取得。經過兩次立法會選舉後，香港由原來的極化的多黨體系，演變成為一個溫和的多黨體系，原已分立的立法會則更為粉碎化。

關鍵字

政黨體系 ； 比例代表制 ； 單一選區相對多數決制 ； 全額連記法 ； 政黨分化

並列摘要

The Legislative Council (LegCo) of the HKSAR is composed of 60 members. They are elected by three categories of constituencies; namely, geographical constituencies through direct election, functional constituencies, and an election committee. After the hand-over, the electoral system used by the 1995 legislative election has been abrogated. In a direct election, the relative plurality system was replaced by the proportional representative system. The functional constituencies readopted one corporate/one vote system, and reclassified nine functional constituencies. The election committee was elected by the functional constiuencies, rather than constituted by the directly-elected members of the District Broads. The electoral result was that the ratio of over-representing of pro-democracy Democratic Party in direct election has been greatly decreased. By contrast, the condition of under-representation of pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong has been improved. Further more, some small parties have begun to win seats. The conservative Liberty Party has still maintained its advantage in functional constituencies. In the election committee constiuency, all the seats have been returned to pro-Beijing forces. After the two LegCo elections, the multiparty system has already formed in Hong Kong, and, the legislature has been more fractionalized.

並列關鍵字

party system ； proportional representative system ； plurality with single-member-district system ； block vote ； party fractionalization

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