職能治療人員職業倦怠情形研究

A Study of Burn-Out in Occupational Therapists

黃曼聰(Mann-Tsong Hwang) ； 褚增輝(Tsang-Fai Chu) ； 呂淑貞(Shu-Jen Lu) ； 徐志誠(Chih-Chen Hsu)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 14卷1期 (1996/03) Pp. 35-53

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.1996.14(1).04

摘要

職業倦怠是一種可能影響醫療專業人員的壓力。當職業上的壓力變成了慢性化，則可能會產生一些職業倦怠之症狀，諸如覺得工作上成就感減少了、情感疲憊、和以失人性感的態度對待病患和同僚等。本研究使用問卷調查方式採用美斯樂可職業倦怠調查表來評量醫療助人李業（如：職能治療）職業上壓力的工具及收集基本資料調查表。研究對象以我國培育的職能治療人員為主，共寄出問卷217份，退回21份，回收有效問卷103份，其中在國內任職的職能治療人員回收率為70.4%。研究結果顯示：台灣地區職能治療人員之「情感疲憊」及「失人性感」情形並不顯著，唯在工作的「個人成就感」上較差。約有四成的職能治療人員表示不確定會繼續從事職能治療工作，這可能影響職能治療的發展與其安定性。分析各項影響因數結果：從事生理疾病職能治療者，較之從事心理疾病職能治療者在「失人性感」和「情感疲憊」上較為明顯。而未婚者、一般職位者、年紀輕者、工作年資少者、現職年資少者、對薪水不滿意者、休息時數較少者、影響治療模式機會少者、進修本行機會少等職能治療者其「職業倦怠」情形較為明顯。目前台灣職能治療的專業地位不明確、無專業執照考試、升等機會的缺乏，可能增加了職能治療人員之工作無奈感，這實需主政者多加關照。

關鍵字

職業倦怠症 ； 職能治療 ； 情感疲憊 ； 失人性感 ； 個人成就感

並列摘要

Burnout is a stress which may affect all health professionals. This is characterized by feelings of reduced personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalizing attitudes towards patients and colleagues. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is a most widely instrument used to measure job related stress in human service professions, such as occupational therapy. This study explored the ”burnout” syndrome of Chinese occupational therapists and its correlates. Two questionnaires, were mailed to 217 subjects. Twenty-one envelops were returned to the sender because of address change. 103 respondents returned the questionnaires. The returning rate for those who work in Taiwan is 70.4%. The MBI scores of Chinese occupational therapist were compared to scores of the other health professionals, MBI norms, and the reported scores of registered occupational therapists residing in the Southeastern United States. The results indicate that occupational therapists working in the physical dysfunction area showed significantly higher level of burnout on the measures of frequency and intensity of feelings of depersonalization than those working in the psychosocial area. Mean scores lower than the aggregate occupational norms provided by the test's publishers on the three subscales supported the need to develop specific norms for occupational therapists. Psychologists, psychiatrists, and occupational therapists showed a stronger tendency for burnout than social workers and nurses. Correlational analyses revealed significant relationship between age and emotional exhaustion, marital status and emotional exhaustion and intensity of personal accomplishment, position rank and depersonalization and frequency of emotional exhaustion, years of work as OT and emotional exhaustion, years in the present position and emotional exhaustion, satisfaction of salary and emotional exhaustion, and opportunity influencing work situations and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. These correlates of burnout furnish clues for understanding the development of work-related stress in occupational therapists.

並列關鍵字

burnout ； occupational therapy ； emotional exhaustion depersonalization ； personal accomplishment