應用職業分析資料篩選身心障礙者適任之職業類別

A Study on Job Placement for Handicapped Workers Using Job Analysis Data

紀佳芬(Chia-Fen Chi) ； 林毓堂(Yu-Tang Lin) ； 劉子歆(Tzu-Hsin Liu)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 17卷 (1999/09) Pp. 44-59

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.1999.17.05

摘要

為擴增身心障礙者的就業機會，本研究應用勞委會職訓局所彙編的職業分析資料，篩選出身心障礙者適任的職群，以供身心障礙求職者與就業輔導單位規劃參考用。具體的作法是彙整勞委會職訓局現有的職業分析資料，賦予每一職業41個包括學經歴、體能需求及工作環境等三大屬性的職業相關變項，並逐項加編碼。基於現有1,285種職業名稱敘述過於詳細，乃整合同一細類或同一小類的職業成爲112個職業種類，以便於業務單位參考應用。其次對41個描述變項進行因素分析，將變項縮減爲下列五個職業分析的關鍵因素：(1)職業災害，(2)口語溝通與教育技能訓練，(3)視覺能力，(4)高難度肢體動作，(5)上肢動作。此五項因素共可解釋112筆職業類別資料總變異量的58.4%。接著再統計出112個職類在五個職業因素上的分數，應用集群分析法歸納出15個較爲明顯的職群，分別爲(1)主管、律師、民意代表(2)辦公事務與專業人員(3)技術工作者（低體能需求）(4)教師(5)護理與宗教工作者(6)藝術工作者(7)櫃台工作者與接待人員(8)機械操作者與生產者(9)家庭傭工、清潔工、搬運工、組裝工(10)技術工作者（高體能需求）(11)保全工作者(12)運輸工作者(13)牙醫師(14)醫師(15)個人服務業，并用樹狀圖呈現階層群集分析所得職類間的同質性。最後根據關鍵職業屬性因素特性，考量身心障礙者的身心機能特質，具體列舉適合身心障礙就業之職群。

關鍵字

職業分析 ； 因素分析 ； 身心障礙工作者

並列摘要

The current study determined job titles which can be adequately performed by various types of disabled workers. These job titles were chosen based on their loading scores on a number of critical job elements derived from a factor analysis on job analysis data. The sample of jobs consisted of 1,285 occupations from the Employment and Vocational Training Administration which were summarized into 112 job titles. For each job title, 41 specific variables, falling in three major classes (required education and experience, physical demands, task environment) were factor analyzed, using principal components analysis with Varimax rotation. The 5-factor (occupational hazard, verbal communication education and training, visual acuity, body agility, and manual ability) solution explained 58.4% of the variance. Applying the hierarchical clustering procedure to the loading scores on the five job factors, the 112 job titles were classified into 15 homogeneous clusters. By mapping the loading scores on the five job factors and the handicap profile developed by Bragman & Cole (1984), job titles which can be adequately performed by the visually impaired, wheelchair dependent, learning disabled, mental retarded, hearing impaired and individuals with emotional disturbance can be classified. The results can be utilized by the Employment and Vocational Training Administration to expand both the counselor and counselee's perspectives about job possibilities and job requirements.

並列關鍵字

job analysis ； factor analysis ； handicapped workers