平板電腦化中文書寫易讀性評估之開發：書寫媒材與書寫易讀性之關聯性探討

Development of a Tablet-based Chinese Handwriting Legibility Evaluation Tool: Association of Chinese Handwriting Legibility Between Different Writing Surfaces

黃文豐(Wen-Feng Huang) ； 蔡宗遠(Tsung-Yuan Tsai) ； 王湉妮(Tien-Ni Wang) ； 陳顥齡(Hao-Ling Chen)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 38卷1期 (2020/06) Pp. 36-55

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.202006_38(1).0002

摘要

書寫困難會顯著影響孩童們的學業表現及自我效能。因此，書寫評估是相當重要的議題。評估工具的數位化，例如以平板電腦為媒材，是目前臨床應用的新趨勢。然而，書寫於平板電腦的液晶螢幕與書寫於紙本是相當不同的經驗。因此，本研究探討書寫媒材（平板電腦、紙本）對於學齡孩童中文書寫易讀性的影響及兩者之關聯性，希望藉此瞭解以平板電腦為媒材的書寫評估工具可否反映學齡孩童的書寫能力。考量中文字的圖像特性，本研究以自行開發的影像比對演算法將中文書寫易讀性細分為字跡尺寸、偏轉角度、偏移距離、模板差異度四項指標。30位低年級孩童分別以紙本及平板電腦進行兩次抄寫任務，而上述四項指標以成對樣本t檢定檢驗書寫於平板電腦與書寫於紙本之差異，並以Pearson積差相關檢視書寫易讀性的各項指標在平板電腦與紙本間之關聯。結果顯示，相較於紙本，書寫於平板上的字跡顯著較小，而偏轉角度與模板差異度則較大。此外，在上述三個指標中，兩種書寫媒材間具中至高度相關（r = .53 - .72）。故平板電腦書寫字跡雖與紙本書寫具差異性，但可適當反映紙本書寫在本研究訂定之中文易讀性表現。結果建議未來繼續開發電腦化中文書寫易讀性評估工具以更精細評估孩童寫字表現。

關鍵字

書寫 ； 易讀性 ； 評估 ； 兒童 ； 平板電腦

並列摘要

Handwriting difficulties significantly influence children's academic advancement and self-efficacy. Identification of handwriting problems, especially poor legibility, is the crucial step toward clinical or teaching intervention. Due to the advanced digitization, new technologies such as tablets, are currently used to evaluate handwriting in school-aged children. However, writing on tablet is a very different experience from writing on paper. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of writing media on Chinese handwriting legibility. Further, to investigate the feasibility of tablet-based handwriting evaluation, the association of Chinese handwriting legibility between tablet and paper sheet was examined. Considering the logographic features of Chinese characters, an image registration approach was proposed to quantify legibility. Four components, namely Size, Position, Orientation, and Deformation were accordingly used to describe handwriting legibility. Thirty first- and second-grade children were asked to copy characters on a tablet and a paper sheet. Results showed that Size on the tablet was smaller than that on the paper sheet. Orientation and Deformation on the tablet were greater than those on the paper sheet. However, for the above three components, moderate-to-strong correlations between tablet and paper sheet were found. It suggests that tablet-based evaluation could appropriately reflect the performance of handwriting in terms of legibility even though some differences were noted between the two writing media. To evaluate handwriting performance in school‑aged children, the Tablet-based Chinese Handwriting Legibility Evaluation Tool seems feasible and worthy to develop.

並列關鍵字

Handwriting ； Legibility ； Evaluation ； Children ； Tablet