中古漢語新興的一種平比句

A Newly Derived Sentence Pattern X + RU (RUO) + Y + Adj "X + as + Y + Adj" in Middle Chinese

魏培泉(Pei-Chuan Wei)

《臺大文史哲學報》 54期 (2001/05) Pp. 45-47+49-68

https://doi.org/10.6258/bcla.2001.54.03

摘要

本文指出，中古漢語有一個新興的平比句乙式（「X＋如＋Y＋A」式），當時主要是流行於南方，且有取代上古漢語所流行的平比句甲式（「X＋A＋如（若）＋Y」式）之勢。在中古漢語時期，雖也有形式如同上古甲式的句式，可是因為經過重新分析而導致句構與上古漢語有異。本文還指出，乙式之所以取代甲式，中古漢語名語化記號的消失以及反義並列複合詞的興盛都是重要的因素。

關鍵字

平比句 ； 反義並列復合詞 ； 上古漢語 ； 中古漢語

並列摘要

In this paper, we show that the sentence pattern ”X + RU (RUO) + Y + Adj” 'X + as + Y + Adj' with the meaning of a certain equal degree between X and Y, which newly developed in Middle Chinese and distributed mainly in the southern part of the country, gradually replaced the earlier sentence pattern ”X + Adj + RU (RUO) +Y” 'X + Adj + as + Y', which prevailed in Old Chinese and denotes a similar meaning to the former sentence pattern. In this paper, we call the old sentence pattern ”type B” and the new sentence pattern ”type A”. Although there are examples in Middle Chinese, which are in the form of type A in Old Chinese, they are in fact different from type A in structure because of the way of reanalysis. As for the mechanisms by which type B replaced type A, we suggest there are at least two factors that might be responsible for it: the disappearance of the markers of nominalization and the prosperity of compounds of antonyms in Middle Chinese.

並列關鍵字

RU (RUO) constructions ； compounds of antonyms ； Old Chinese ； Middle Chinese

參考文獻

大西克也(1994)。第一屆國際先秦語法研討會論文集。

太田辰夫(1987)。中國語歷史文法。

王力(1958)。漢語史稿（中冊）。

王洪君(1987)。漢語表自指的名詞化標記「之」的消失。語言學論叢。14，158-196。

江藍生(2000)。近代漢語探源。