過新生活、做新女性：訓政時期國民政府對時代女性形象的塑造

Living New Life, Being New Woman: The Image-making of Modern Ideal Woman by KMT Government in the Nanjing Decade

許慧琦(Hui-Chi Hsu)

《臺大文史哲學報》 62期 (2005/05) Pp. 277-320

https://doi.org/10.6258/bcla.2005.62.11

摘要

在許多近代要求獨立建國的國家中，女性，其角色扮演、性別特質及其身體，常被賦予各式各樣的象徵意涵，以服務民族主義或國族建構的理念。此種發展趨勢在中國亦然。在中國，當國家權力因國內、外諸多因素牽制而不張時，擔任改造與教育女性之責者，主要是男性知識份子；時至1928年，國家機器在國民黨黨政合一的局面下開始較有力地運作之後，動員婦女、塑造時代女性形象、並將之納入建構現代國家的工程中，便成為國民黨政府有意掌控的資源與進行的策略之一。本文所要討論的，是1930年代前半期由國民政府主導的一連串塑造時代女性形象的努力與嘗試。筆者試圖探究以下問題：即在當時國民政府的認知下，女人究竟應做什麼樣的新女性？怎麼做？此一形象塑造的過程及其發展，對近代中國的國家塑造與中國女性本身，分別產生了哪些影響？本文首先將從大環境的發展趨勢，初步勾勒1930年代初期國民黨政府與婦女之間的互動，進而先後從建構與解構形象兩個面向出發，分析國府意圖樹立的時代女性形象之特色及其本質。最後則檢視並評估在面對國家塑造與國族發展的局面時，政黨、政府與婦女彼此間可能發展出的關係。

關鍵字

國民政府 ； 新生活運動 ； 新女性 ； 形象塑造

並列摘要

Among the countries searching for political independence in modem times, women, their bodies, characters and roles they played, were often bestowed with symbolic implications serving for the goal of nation-building or state-making. In modem China, for example, when the state power was hindered by either national or international factors, male intellectuals claimed as theirs the responsibility of educating women; by 1928, when KMT ostensibly united China and combined the power of the party with the government, it became one of its policies to mobilize women and mold a new woman image for the new stage, in which KMT determined to lead and educate Chinese people and build a modem nation.The subject of this article, therefore, focuses on the attempts and endeavors by KMT government in making a new image for contemporary women. By examining both the related international and national environments and delineating the image-making process both via constructive and deconstructive ways, this paper aims to explore the ideal type of new woman and the way of realizing it as presumed by KMT government, and to analyze the effects of this image-making process on Chinese state-making as well as on Chinese women. Finally, this paper will reflect upon the relationships between KMT, the government and women under the condition of state-making.

並列關鍵字

Nationalist Government ； New Life Movement ； New Woman ； Imagemaking

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