藝術、風土、地方－柳宗悅初期民藝思想的形成與實踐

Arts, Climate, District-The Formation and Implementation of YANAGI Muneyoshi's the Early Folk Crafts Ideas

林承緯(Cheng-Wei Lin)

《藝術評論》 17期 (2007/10) Pp. 231-251

摘要

七十二年的生涯，廣受世人所熟知的柳宗悅除了致力於民藝運動之外事實上早在他校園求學期間，便對藝術、心理學、神學等學問領域有著相當的涉略。白樺時期的柳宗悅，熱衷於西洋的藝術、宗教與思想，頻繁地透過撰文與翻譯等形式，將西洋薪知介紹回當時的日本社會。不過這樣的情況，到了二十六歲那一年，柳宗悅所關注的課題明顯的從西洋回歸東洋。究竟是什麼樣的因素造成如此的轉變。再者，這樣的變化對柳宗悅一生涯的活動，特別是在民藝運動的展開與理論的構築上，又具有什麼樣的意義。一方面，當民藝論述涉及文化價值的議論時，相較於在一般社會普遍認知中，深具繁榮、富裕、進步色彩的都會、中央，柳宗悅反倒是賦予鄉村、地方高度的評價。究竟令他所推崇的鄉村、地方，存在著什麼樣的優點與價值，而在地方與民藝或是藝術之間的構成上，是否存在著何種的關聯性。面對上述的這些課題，我們透過柳宗悅所留下的論文、紀錄與相關資料，依稀可找尋到蛛絲馬跡。本文首先針對柳宗悅生涯中的核心思想及其發展脈絡進行解析，透過思想與實踐之內外兩面的交錯印證，讓柳宗悅初期思想的輪廓更加清晰。最終將焦點回歸民藝理論中的地方、風土等相慶的論述，藉著這樣的步驟循序漸進，期待將柳宗悅初期的民藝思想進行徹底的考察與解釋。

關鍵字

柳宗悅 ； 民藝美學 ； 藝術與風土 ； 地方文化 ； 傳統

並列摘要

During YANAGI Muneyoshi's 72-year-old life, he devoted himself not only to Mingei (Folk Crafts) Movement, but also achieved very high acquirement on Western art and theology. He used to introduce western knowledge, like art, religion and philosophy, to Japan. But at his age of 26, his focus evidently transferred from the Western to the Eastern. This article will treat the reason which drove YANAGI's sudden change and the meaning that the changes had given to YANAGI's study and Mingei Movement. On the other hand, YANAGI gave higher esteem for Folk Crafts rather than palace art; I will probe into the reason why YANAGI valued Folk Crafts and what the relationships were between the regional, Folk Crafts and arts. I will try to study on YANAGI's thought through the mutual proof between his thinking and activities. Furthermore, I will focus on Folk Crafts related theories to thoroughly exam and explain YANAGI's early Mingei Theory.

並列關鍵字

YANAGI Muneyoshi ； Mingei Theory ； Arts and Climate ； Local Culture ； Tradition