「和」(和諧與中和)是古希臘與中國先秦時期音樂美學中的核心觀念,本論文旨在探討柏拉圖(Plato, 427-347 B.C.)與孔子(551-479 B.C.)樂教思想中之「和」與「德」的關聯性,全文以柏拉圖的樂教思想爲主,先耙梳與釐清柏拉圖樂教思想中的基本論題,再分析「和諧」概念在柏拉圖樂教思想中的意義,接著,對柏拉圖與孔子的樂教思想之異同做比較。最後,筆者將指出柏拉圖樂教思想中的「和諧」與孔子樂教思想中的「中和」其實是道德教化的同義詞,然由於兩人對人性本質和宇宙觀的認知差異,使兩人的樂教思想各自展現不同的特色,尤其是對「和」(和諧與中和)的理解更是大異其趣。
The term 'Musicality' (Musikalität), as an abstract concept, is one of the study between psychology of music and aesthetic of music. Since the beginning of the 20th century in Germany, this concept has no concrete significance, many theorists and scholars deal with the 'Musicality' that so-called acoustic and acoustic-musical capacities, such as the ability to discriminate rhythm and tonal. But we cannot use this criteria to gain a precise definition of 'Musicality.' Nevertheless, this noun (or adjective) has ever disappear in our musical life, because it is not only judgement of diagnosis, but also characteristic of aesthetic. The purpose of this paper is not clearly define the ultimate meaning and connotation of 'Musicality.' This paper focused on the theory of psychology of music and aesthetic, and comprehending the multiple concepts of 'Musicality.'