當代西方人類中心主義的環保哲學

Western Anthropocentrism in Contemporary Environmental Philosophy

莊慶信

《哲學與文化》 25卷4期 (1998/04) Pp. 339-359

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.199804.0339

摘要

人類中心主義環保哲學是當今環保思潮的主流，普遍為世界大部分政府所奉行，因此本研究深具時代意義。本研究以文獻研究法及歷史法探索的結果，得知在哲學史上人類中心主義的環境思想早就存在，直到當代才正式以「人類中心主義」之名出現。此主義在當代以强烈和微弱兩種型態出現、演變而成。環保哲學除人類中心主義一學派外，尚有生命主義及整體主義等兩種「非人類中心主義」學派。其次，探討了人類利益、內在價值等等五個論據，但這些論據隱含難題，說服力薄弱。再次，考查此學派的污染者付費、休閒旅遊倫理、持續性原则等等五大環境倫理原理，發現均有難題。尤其是有關環保與經濟發展（永續發展）的原則更是困難重重。最後，筆者嘗試解消其主要論據、環境倫理、持續性原則的各種困境，為「微弱人類中心主義」重建一更穩健的理論基礎—「整全人類中心主義的環保哲學」，以供各界環保人士及相關的政府官員參考。

關鍵字

人類中心主義 ； 環保哲學 ； 永續發展 ； 整全人類中心主義 ； 工具價值 ； 整體價值 ； 環境價值 ； 經濟成長

並列摘要

Anthropocentric environmental philosophy is the current tendency in facing today's ecological issues. Most of the world's governments have adopted this philosophy in pursuit of economic gains. Consequently, a probe into this philosophy is pertinent. This article would like to employ a literary and historical approach to the problem.
Anthropocentric environmental philosophy existed early on in the history of philosophy. It has only taken on the current nomenclature recently, namely: strong anthropocentrism and weak anthropocentrism. They are not the only environmental philosophies today, but they dominant over eco-centrism and holism.
This article covers anthropocentrism's five main arguments and concludes that they lack any cohesive persuasiveness. It also finds the five ethical principles of anthropocentrism which lack sustainability. This is particularly true in light of ecology's relationship with economic growth.
Consequently, we try to resolve these problems in creating a more balanced theory of ”Integral Anthropocentrism” in place of weak anthropocentrism. We also offer some suggestions for environmental experts and government officials.

並列關鍵字

Anthropocentrism ； Environmental Philosophy ； Sustainable Development ； Integral Anthropocentrism ； Instrumental Value ； Entire Value ； Environmental Ethics ； Economic Growth