宗教倫理與環保倫理—基督宗教與佛教的對話

Religious Ethics and Environmental Ethics: Christianity Dialogue with Buddhism

莊慶信(John-B Chuang)

《哲學與文化》 25卷6期 (1998/06) Pp. 557-574

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.199806.0557

摘要

往昔宗教强調精神生活和人際倫理，今日國際學術界興起研究環境（或環保）倫理學。於是，各宗教學者也陸續著手檢視在固有的宗教倫理或誡規之中，是否含有環保思想？本文限於佛教與基督宗教兩大世界性宗教的對話，然而已能管窺此兩宗教富有環保思想，那些均是經過長期領悟與挖掘而逐漸發展形成的。兩教宗教倫理的哲學基礎，均由知識論（認知性）進路和存有論進路切入而體證的原理原則，其基本原理也都足以當做環保觀的理論基礎。宗教倫理的基本規範（或誡規）不論由戒、定、慧「三學」，或者從基督宗教的信、望、愛「三超德」的觀點看，均與現代環保倫理密不可分，而且有助於現代人的環保實踐，因而深具時代意義。從兩教宗教倫理的對談裏，本研究綜合出六個環保倫理原則，以供教育界、宗教界、政界等相關人士參考及實踐。

關鍵字

宗教倫理 ； 環保倫理學 ； 基督宗教 ； 佛教 ； 誡規

並列摘要

In the past, most religions emphasized spiritual life and human ethics. Due to the fact that the study of environmental ethics is becoming popular, religious studies scholars have begun to consider whether there are any environmental thoughts in existing religious ethics or precepts.
This study concerns two major world religions, Buddhism and Christianity. It attempts to look into their abundant ecological thought which has gradually developed in their ideology. I find the philosophical foundations of the two religion's ethics to take a gnoseological and an ontological approach. It seems that from these approaches, both religions have the basis for environmental theories. Whether one starts from the ”three learnings” of Buddhism or from Christianity's ”theological virtue”; the fundamental precepts of both religions not only closely relate to current environmental ethics, but are also helpful in establishing environmental practices. They become meaningful in today's world in this manner.
I finish this paper by synthesizing all the fundamental precepts of religious ethics and proposing six principles of environmental ethics to related experts.

並列關鍵字

Religious Ethics ； Environmental Ethics ； Christianity ； Buddhism ； Precepts or Commandments