墨子政治哲學的政道與治術

Moralism and Governance in Motzu' Political Philosophy

吳進安

《哲學與文化》 26卷11期 (1999/11) Pp. 1010-1030

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.199911.1010

摘要

在先秦時期，尋找「理想政治」的模式，成爲哲人所共同關心的主題，墨子正是這股「哲學的突破」思潮創新與文化重建的代表。墨子以其哲理及實踐精神力爭政治主流的領導權，並且在「政治與道德互爲補足」的現實關懷中，將道德與政治聯結，突出賢人政治之意義。作爲一個平民化的知識份子而言，其表現與使命感，實有令人耳目一新之感。
傳統知識份子，通常會以「道」來作爲價值取向及最後的引導及裁判，「道」所表現出來的內涵是一種理想主義的觀念，甚至要求超越個人與群體的利害得失，而去創造一種高度道德性與理想性的社會關懷。墨子確實是屬於這方面的佼佼者，固然最後的結果不能如人之意，但他提昇政治之理想格局與治道之標準化，卻爲其他學派所不及。本篇論文即在探討墨子所主張的政治主張，有無進一步可發揮及借用之論點，以備爲「理想政治」尋找一較佳詮釋。

關鍵字

政治哲學 ； 政道 ； 治術 ； 天志 ； 德治主義

並列摘要

In the Pre-Chin era, most ancient philosophers searched for an ideal political model for governors. Motzu was the representative person in the period of cultural reconstruction and philosophic breakthrough. Motzu became the leader of the political mainstream due to his philosophy and practicality. His philosophy associated morality with politics and stood out the meanings of elitist politics. His philosophy also indicated the social duties of ancient intelligentsia.
Traditionally, intelligentsia at that era highly valued morality which usually represented the contents and meanings of idealism. Ancient intelligentsia were also concerned with their society with morality and idealism. Motzu was just the typical representative who pursued the complementary relationship between politics and idealism. He finally enhanced the quality and standard level of moral politics, even he did not fully reach his own philosophy goals. This paper was conducted to discuss Motzu' main political philosophy. If provided several implications and suggestions regarding moral governance and ideal politics.

並列關鍵字

Political Philosophy Governance ； Moral Governance ； Moralism ； Morality ； The Will of Heaven