墨學與荀學中的知識原理與方法

本文系應本刊知識論：古今專題的應景之作，旨在對墨學或荀學的知識原理或方法為讀者紹述中國哲學知識論於一斑，文中分別論及墨學及荀學對認知條件、途徑、知識性質分類及表述方式之陳說。文中具體的闡釋了墨辨七種推理法，兼及三表法、歸納法及歸謬法的運用。文章後半以論述荀學以天人互動關係論下的知識理論為主，突出荀學的認知以屬性、功能、能知與所知之分辨。荀學中「明通而類」的知識理論和方法以及「虛壹而靜」的知識倫理規範，文末則對兩家知識論進行了考評及建言。

關鍵字

名實關係；小故；大故；三表法；類比思考；天官；解蔽；統類；虛壹而靜；類推而不悖

並列摘要

As an occasional contribution to the theme of this current issue, this paper is just an introduction of Chinese epistemology in terms of the epistemological principles and methods in the doctrines of Hsun-tzu and Mo-tzu. Here we talk about how these two doctrines present the cognitive conditions, approaches, the classifications and statements about the nature of knowledge. This paer first explains specifically Mo-tzu’s seven way of inference, referring also to the three elements of discussion, induction, and reduction ad absurdum. The latter half of this article focuses on Hsun-tzu’s theory of knowledge under the interactive relationship between Heaven and Man, in order to bring forward the epistemology of the doctrine of Hsun-tzu. In the end, the two epistemologies of the two doctrines are both examined and given suggestions.

並列關鍵字

Sufficient and Necessary Conditions ； Necessary but not Sufficient Conditions ； Three Elements of Discussion ； Analogical Thinking ； Five Senses ； das Entbergen ； Analogy instead of Para