- 期刊
女性主義對犯罪學與被害者學的影響
The Impact of Feminism on Criminology and Victimology
摘要
自龍布羅梭聞創了現代犯罪學以還，傳統的犯罪學與被害者學，即是缺乏女性觀點的，因為，不但是犯罪學家與被害者學家多半是男性，連刑事司法界的從業人員也多半是男性，由於如此，犯罪學與被害者學理論是以男性為中心出發的。譬如，龍布羅梭即指出：女性比男性退化，較不成熟、較不具感知性，亦較愚昧，縱使一般而言，女性較男性不具犯罪性，但是女性犯罪者是一群缺乏女性特質的人，女性犯罪人是一種低劣的生物，犯了罪的女性，有較類似於男性的外表、感情和氣概。基於同樣的原因，許多的被害者學理論都主張，女性刑事被害者在犯罪的過程中，都是刺激犯罪發生的挑釁者，因此犯罪發生，她們是必須承擔責任的。然而，此一狀況在婦女運動之後，有了明顯的變化，女性主義觀點的犯罪學與被害者學，平衡了以往不完整的學術與實務觀點，豐富了刑事司法的合理性，而成為犯罪學與被害者學中最重要的主流之一。
並列摘要
It has been for a long time since Cesare Lombroso launched the modern criminology, in the field of traditional criminology and victimology were extremely lacking of the viewpoint of female. Not only most of criminologists and victimologists are male but also most of the practitioners in the criminal justice system are male. For these reasons, all criminological and victimological theories are male-center. For example, Cesare Lombroso believed that women were more likely than men to be atavists and that ”even the female criminal is monotonous and uniform compared with her male companion, just as in general woman is inferior to man.” By the same token, victimological theories advocate that the female victims are precipitate in the scenario of crime. In other words, the concept of victim precipitation implies that in some but not all crimes, the victim provoked or instigated the crime therefore the female victims must take most responsibility of criminal events. However, this situation has been changed by the impact of female rights movement. The feminist work in criminology and victimology represents one of the most important advances in the field.