韓非思想與自由社會

原來韓非子的思想總與「極權主義」連繫起來，而與「自由」無緣。然而，韓非雖非現代意義下的自由主義者，他的核心思想對於建立一個自由社會卻有著重要的啟示。韓非的思想核心乃實效主義，法、術、勢等的法家治國之形式亦由此思想核心推出。因此，法、術、勢均無一定之內容，必須按照實情依道理而定。正所謂「法與時轉則治，治與世宜則有功」。所以，法不一定要嚴苛，只要能基於現實達到利民的目的即可，關鍵是不能讓任何理論左右，不論這些理論是多麼的主流並曾經實現過多輝煌的成績，只要它有礙於建立利民的社會，便必須被放棄。自八九年東歐各社會主義政權倒台，歐美等強國所鼓吹的自由主義成為世界政經主流。雖在冷戰期間此種政經制度確實建樹良多，但其發展至現階段已經使生活在其中的人嚴重地失去了生活上的自由了。按韓非子的思想，自由主義在現階段便該受到相當的修正，使得人們能重拾生活上的自由，真正建構一個利民的自由社會。

關鍵字

韓非子；自由主義；自由社會；法；實效主義；道；理；利民社會

並列摘要

The thought of Han Fei has been strongly associated with totalitarianism. It has never had any positive association with freedom. Although Han Fei cannot be qualified as a liberal in the modern sense, the core of this thought bears important insight on building a liberal society. The core of Han Fei's thought can be called ”practicalism”. The major means of ruling which are up held by the legalist such as law, political tactics, and power from political system are derived from praticalism. Therefore, such ruling means have no concrete content. Their specifications are to be determined by circumstances and objective reasoning. In Han Fei's words, ”only when laws change with the time could the country be ruled, ruling that fits the era yields desirable effects”. Therefore, law is not meant to be harsh, it just has to adjust to the brut fact in order to deliver a beneficent society. The key is not to be swayed by any theory that does not yield actual effect. It does not matter how dominant a theory is or how much has been accomplished through the theory. As long as it hinders the development of a beneficent society, it has to be abandoned. Since the serial fall of the socialist regime of Eastern Europe during the latter part of 1989, liberalism of the western society become the dominant trend of socio-political development of the world. Although a lot has been established in the name of liberalism during the cold war period, liberalism is detrimentally taking away people's freedom of everday life at this particular stage of its development. According to Han Fei, liberalism at its present form has to be changed. Only then, can a beneficent society where people are truly free be established.

並列關鍵字

Han Fei Tze ； Liberalism ； Liberal society ； Law ； Practicalism ； Tao/Dao ； Li/principle ； Beneficent society

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韓非思想與自由社會

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