以韓非思想反思審議式民主的困境與可能

Reflections on Deliberative Democracy's Dilemmas and Possibilities from the Perspective of Han Fei's Thought

林育瑾(Yu-Ching Lin)

《國家發展研究》 15卷2期 (2016/06) Pp. 91-130

https://doi.org/10.6164/JNDS.15-2.3

摘要

咸認為審議式民主擴大人們餐與公共事務的途徑亦彌補代議政治之不足。惟論者皆假設參與審議者是理性包容和尊重他人立場，卻鮮少提及人性追求私利的實際面及審議如何因應私立可能的以私害公等破壞或利用審議式民主之舉。韓非則直接切入私立並提出相應之論解決以私害公的弊病。本文乃以含非政治思想中人性逐利之論探討審議式民主之理想化假設，並引韓非思想反思審議式民主，期望為審議式民主排除困境，並為其實踐提出可能。

關鍵字

利益 ； 人性 ； 審議 ； 嚴刑峻罰 ； 權威

並列摘要

Deliberative democracy argues that expanding citizens' participation in public affairs can compensate for the limitations of representative democracy. However, almost all of the arguments for deliberative democracy assume that participants are rational, tolerant and respect others' interests. These arguments rarely take into account the self-interested side of human nature or address how deliberative democracy can resolve the problems of self-interested participation which harms the public interest. Han Fei directly points out the selfishness of human nature and suggests solutions to the problem of self-interested behavior causing harm to the public interest. This article applies Han Fei's thought regarding human self-interest to examine the idealized assumptions of deliberative democracy. The study hopes to contribute to a reexamination of deliberative democracy that could help to resolve its inherent dilemmas and enhance the possibility for its realization in practice.

並列關鍵字

Interest ； Human Nature ； Deliberation ； Severe Laws and Punishments ； Authority

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