《太平經》氣化論思想之探究

《太平經》為東漢晚期的道教經典，它體現了早期道教理論所雜糅的道家思想、神仙方術、陰陽五行和以神學形式展現之宗法倫理的儒家思想。因此，就思想內容言，《太平經》建構了它的氣化論學說，將漢代「道」與「元氣」的範疇予以吸收，並以「元氣」作為一切萬物的氣化根源；其所派生的陰、陽、中和三者之氣，和合而成就萬物；而人則居萬物之長，當通過「守一」之方，體證「精氣」以上合「元氣」，使「氣轉為精，精轉為神，神轉為明」，以「無形委氣之神人」理「元氣」，與「元氣合形並力，與四時五行共生」，此正突顯了它神秘氣化論的思想。就社會歷史言，《太平經》屬於漢末批判思潮的產物，是失勢下落於民間的黃老學者吸取儒學神學化、經學化的經驗，與一直存在於民間的巫祝道結合，融合儒家的宗法倫理學說而寫成的道書，它不僅是早期道教理論的奠基者，同時也影響了以後道教學說的發展。本文將從：一、《太平經》作者及成書年代；二、道與元氣；三、陰氣、陽氣、中和之氣；四、精氣與守一養生等四個面向作一探究，以期使對《太平經》有著深化的哲學反思。

關鍵字

道；元氣；陽氣；陰氣；中和之氣；精氣；守一

並列摘要

As a classic of Dao in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, ”Tai Ping Classics” embodies Daoist thought, mysticism, yin yang and five elements, and the Confucian thought of patriarchal ethics expressed in the form of theology. Therefore, in terms of its thought, ”Tai Ping Classics” constructs its theory of Qi transformation, taking in the criteria of the ”Dao” and ”yuan qi” (primary qi) of the Han Dynasty and making yuan qi the source of the qi transformation of all things, while the derivatives of yuan qi-yin, yang, and zhong he (harmony)-conjugate and generate all things, among which Man is the supreme. In the respect of social history, ”Tai Ping Classics” is a product of the critical thought in the late Han Dynasty, written by the diminished ”Huang & Lao” scholars, who took in the theologizing and classicizing experience of Confucianism and combined it with the popular witchcraft along with the Confucian patriarchal ethics. This Daoist book is not only the foundation layer of early Daoist theories but also influences the subsequent development of Daoism. This article is meant to introduce first, the author of ”Tai Ping Classics” and the age when it's written; second, Dao and yuan qi; third, the qi of yin, yang, and zhong he; and fourth, exploring the four aspects of un (essence), qi, shou yi (concentrating on one) and yang sheng (health preservation) to make a profound philosophical reflection on ”Tai Ping Classics”.

並列關鍵字

Dao ； Yuan Q ； Yin ； Yang ； Zhong He ； Jin and Qi ； Shou ； Yi

國際替代計量

《太平經》氣化論思想之探究

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