並列摘要
Based on classical texts, this paper is to make a comparison between the western four cardinal virtues (prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance,) and the Confucian three virtues (wisdom, benevolence and courage). Of the three virtues, ”courage” is marked by ”fearlessness,” ”sense of shame” and ”patience,” while the meaning of ”courage” is most importantly about ”the virtue of courage,” secondly about ”bravery” and lastly about ”power and courage.” Finally, it's concluded that the virtue of true courage must be traced back to benevolence, in accordance with justice and properness, and the love for learning. This is also what we called ”the benevolent man's courage,” ”the gentleman's courage,” ”the precious courage,” ”the sage's courage,” ”King Wen's courage” ”King Wu's courage” and ”the great courage.” Such a concept of courage is consistent with ”the doctrine of the unity of the virtues” of western philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas and Alasdair MacIntyre.
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