人類中心主義與非人類中心主義辨難

The Distinction between Anthropocentrism and Non-anthropocentrism

王海明(Hai-Ming Wang)

《哲學與文化》 34卷8期 (2007/08) Pp. 125-151

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200708.0125

摘要

只有道德的特殊的和直接的起源、目的以及標準，才可能是為了增進動植物等非人類存在物的利益；而道德終極的起源、目的和標準，則只能是為了增進人類的利益。這樣，一方面，當人類與動植物等非人類存在物的利益一致時，便應該遵循道德的特殊的、直接的目的和標準，因而應該既增進人類利益又增進動植物的利益，甚至應該為了增進動植物的利益而增進動植物的利益：非人類中心主義是真理。另一方面，當動植物等非人類存在物的利益與人類的利益發生衝突不可兩全時，道德的特殊的直接的目的和標準便不起作用了，這時，便應該訴諸道德終極目的和標準「增進人類的利益」，從而應該犧牲動植物等非人類存在物的利益而保全人類的利益：人類中心主義是真理。

關鍵字

道德直接的起源 ； 目的和標準 ； 道德終極的起源 ； 目的和標準

並列摘要

Only the specific and direct origin, goal and criterion of morality could be meant to improve the benefits of non-human creatures, like animals and plants, while the ultimate origin, goal and criterion of morality are intended simply to improve the benefits of human beings. Therefore, on the one hand, while the benefits of human beings are consistent with the ones of non-human creatures, we should follow the specific and direct goal and criterion of morality so as to improve the benefits of both human beings and creatures or even improve the benefits of non-human creatures for their own sake: Non-anthropocentrism is the truth. On the other hand, when the benefits of non-human creatures are colliding with the ones of human beings, the specific and direct goal and criterion of morality are useless, whereupon we should appeal to the ultimate goal and criterion of morality-”to improve the benefits of human beings”-protecting human beings' benefits at the expense of the benefits of non-human creatures: Anthropocentrism is the truth.

並列關鍵字

Direct Origin ； Goal and Criterion of Morality ； Ultimate Origin ； Goal and Criterion of Morality ； Anthropocentrism