仕學書院：明代在職官員的進修之所

The Shi-Shueh Academy: The Institute of Further Education for Officials in the Ming Dynasty

鄧洪波(Hong-Bo Deng)

《哲學與文化》 35卷9期 (2008/09) Pp. 19-29

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200809.0019

摘要

學而優則仕，仕而優則學，原本是儒家的一個基本規則，因而有學而仕，仕而學，如車之兩輪，缺一不可的說法。但是，車之兩輪，常常缺一。我們常見的只是學而優則仕的事蹟，也習慣於把官學和書院當作學而仕的訓練場所。本文披露罕見的史料，以臨汝、棠溪、稽山三書院為例，敘說明代官吏仕而優則學的嘗試，認為為在職官員設立專門的講學論道、修身養性的書院，是明代的一個創舉。

關鍵字

仕而學 ； 學而仕 ； 仕學書院 ； 明代

並列摘要

A good scholar can become an official, while a good official can become a scholar. This is a fundamental principle of Confucianism; therefore, it's said that these two phenomena are as necessary as the two wheels of a cart. However, we usually see only how good scholars become officials rather than the other way around and just, by habits, consider the institutes of official education and the academies to be the training schools for scholars to become officials. In this paper, we disclose such rarely seen historical documents, taking three academies as examples, to describe how officials tried to become scholars in the Ming Dynasty and pinpoint that those academies founded specifically to train officials intellectually were something revolutionary of the Ming Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

A Good Official Can Become a Scholar ； A Good Scholar Can Become a Good Official ； The Shi-Shueh Academy ； The Ming Dynasty

參考文獻

宋朱熹。論語·子張第十九：四書集注。

宋連文鳳。文淵閣四庫全書：百正集。

元徐明善。文淵閣四庫全書：芳穀集。

明周瑛。文淵閣四庫全書：翠渠摘稿。

明胡居仁。文淵閣四庫全書：胡文敬集。