論牟宗三先生對老子之道的詮釋

牟宗三先生在詮釋《老子》的基礎上提出「境界形態形上學」，但牟先生所關注的不在道是主觀的還是客觀的，而是如何說「不可說」之道。道是無，是虛，因而很難從它的客觀性去說，他另辟蹊徑，從主觀心境去說。他的詮釋質疑了把道作為實體、實物或理念的一般解說。在詮釋方法上，緊扣《老子》文本，借鑒莊子、王弼，又有西方哲學背景作為參照，很有說服力。但為了詮釋的一致性，他對《老子》中的個別文本作了「誤釋」，顯示出其詮釋進路的局限。牟先生對海德格「非對象化」概念的援引本有可能彌補其詮釋進路的局限，但他並未意識到，因為他未能完全理解海德格的現象學方法。

關鍵字

沖虛玄德；不生之生；大客觀；非對象化；境域

並列摘要

Mou Zong-san interprets Taoism as the ”Metaphysics in the line of vision” based on his understanding of Laozi. What he mainly concerns is not whether Tao is subjective or objective, but how to interpret the ”unspeakable” Tao. Tao is nothing and empty, so it's difficult to interpret it as any objective reality. Mou Zong-san finds a new way to interpret Tao, which is to disclose the content of Tao from the function of the subjective state of mind. He strongly queried the traditional interpretation which considered Tao as Substance, entity or Idea. His understanding is convincing on the basis of Laozi and his insights into Zhuagnzi and Wang Bi's commentaries of Laozi, but sometimes he had to misinterpret the text in order to make his interpretation consistent, which reveals the limitation of his interpretation. Mou Zong-san absorbs Heidegger's non-objectified way of thinking which could have made up for the limitation, but he did not realize it for he could not fully understand the phenomenological approach of Heidegger.