從臨終表現看心學家的生死智慧－略論明代儒家生命哲學的終極關懷和思想源流

Seeing Mind Philosophers' Wisdom about Life and Death from Their Antemortem Expressions-On the Ultimate Concern and Thought of Confucian Philosophy of Life in the Ming Dynasty

李丕洋(Pei-Yang Li)

《哲學與文化》 38卷1期 (2011/01) Pp. 129-146

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.201101.0129

摘要

生死問題是一切生命哲學所不容回避的核心問題。明代心學家王陽明、王龍溪、羅汝芳等人，以先秦儒家固有的生死智慧為根基，兼收並蓄佛、道二教的生死觀念，繼承並推廣了宋代張載的「氣化論」的生死觀念，從而形成明代儒家心學學派獨特的生死智慧。他們的生死智慧，以「良知本心」為主體，以「（死生）通乎晝夜之道」為主旨，以在修道實踐中超越生死為目標，在中國傳統生命哲學的長河中構成了一道靚麗的風景線。

關鍵字

晝夜之道 ； 太虛之氣 ； 元神 ； 良知本心 ； 超越生死

並列摘要

The issue of life and death is a vital question that no philosophers of life can avoid. The philosophers of mind in the Ming Dynasty, such as Wang Yang-ming, Wang Long-xi and Luo Ru-fang, founded their theories on the Pre-Qin Confucians' wisdom of life and death, assimilated Buddhist and Taoist ideas about life and death as well as inherited and advanced Zhang Zai's ideas of life and death in his theory of Qi from the Song Dynasty. All the above ideas of different sources formed the wisdom of life and death unique to the Confucian school of mind in the Ming Dynasty. Their wisdom about life and death took ”conscience and mind” as the subject. ”knowledge about the course of day and night” as the theme and ”transcending life and death in the practice of spiritual cultivation” as the goal, forming a line of beautiful sights in the long river of traditional Chinese philosophy of life.

並列關鍵字

Course of Day and Knight ； Qi of the Great Void ； Original Spirit ； Conscience and Mind ； Transcending Life and Death

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