從巫術到道教符咒

符咒巫術歷久不衰，流傳於民間，也被道教繼承與弘揚，更加崇敬通神的語言與文字，逐漸建構出龐大的法術體系。道教認為語言典文字不僅具有傳遞信息的功能，同時是自然之道結氣而成的符號象徵'符咒之術是由宇宙精氣凝結造化而成，具有以氣召氣來役使鬼神的能力，能協助人們辟邪治病與登真飛仙。到了宋代理學的盛行，道與法的結合更為密切，從宇宙的生成法則中確立心性的核心地位，形成萬法唯心的觀念，以內丹來擴充符咒的修行體系，強調道體法用的行持方法，符咒成為修道下的濟世手段。從巫術到符咒，反映出人類對生命存有的養生需求，從仰賴神的救助逐漸轉到人的自助，以自身精氣神的鍛鍊來契入宇宙的生成法則，經由修道與明道的體驗工夫，引進符咒的神聖靈力來為人們療病與養生。

關鍵字

巫術；符咒；道教；養生；治病；宇宙論；心性論

並列摘要

In our society, witchcraft and spell had been existed for a long time. They had been adapted and developed by Taoists who worship the language and text that can reach Immortals. Over the years, Taoism built up a huge system of spell rituals and ceremonies. Taoism believes that language and text not only have the function of the transmission of messages but they are also the symbols of universal energy and this have the power to summon all ghosts and gods though the chi energy and this will help healing people of their evil diseases and becoming immortals During the popularity of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty Era, Taoist and spell were getting even c1oser, Taoist setup their core theory through the forming of the universe, that all things are ref1ections of our mind. Using the inner energy to expand the cultivation system of spell and charm, emphasizing on carrying out the practice through both concept and method. For practitioners, spell and charm have become good methods to save the world and benefit the people. From witchcraft to spell reflects human beings have the need for health of life. From relying on the help of immortals, the Taoist practitioners gradually turning into self-awareness. Through cultivating their energy and spirit to experience and realizing Tao, they use the sacred power of charm and spell to heal the diseases of people and improve their health