上博楚簡所見陰陽家思想的影響－以《三德》、《天子建州》為中心

The Influence from the ＂Yin/Yang＂ School on the Bamboo Slips in Shanghai Museum: As the center of ＂San De＂ and ＂Tian Zi Jian Zhou＂

曹峰(Feng Cao)

《哲學與文化》 42卷10期 (2015/10) Pp. 79-95

摘要

在上博簡中沒有直接代表陰陽家的文獻，但未必沒有陰陽家的影子，尤其是在《三德》、《天子建州》等文獻中，有一些比較特殊的文字，側重從天地人的整體框架中討論人的行為方式，即人事必須遵循天地、四時的天道運行模式，依據陰陽、文武、生殺、刑德的原理指導政治實踐，並將這種帶有禁忌色彩的行為準則稱之為不可抗拒的「天禮」。陰陽家的思維作為一種可以提供政治合理性的思想資源，被戰國中期的儒家、道家所共同接受，成為其思想的有機組成部分。這些出土文獻的發現，為我們了解先秦時期儒道兩家思想的多元構成，重新審視《禮記》及《大戴禮記》中一些過去不受重視篇章的價值，提供了幫助。不過，在這些上博簡資料中，並沒有找到與五行生剋相關的內容。

關鍵字

陰陽家 ； 《三德》 ； 《天子建州》 ； 《黃帝四經》 ； 《禮記》 ； 《大戴禮記》

並列摘要

There are no typical texts belong to the Yin/Yang School on the bamboo slips in Shanghai Museum; however it cannot be declared there is no influence from this school, especially in the texts which called ＂Tian Zi Jian Zhou＂ and ＂San De＂. In these texts, there are some particular words which discuss human behavior in the theoretical framework of three types of talent, that is the human behavior must follow the natural law, and the political practice has to conform with the principles of Yin/Yang, Wen-Wu, Sheng-Sha, and Xing-De, further these criterions with the taboo meanings are summarized as irresistible ＂Tian-Li＂, which we can find in ＂Huang Di Si Jing＂ (＂The Yellow Emperor's Four Canons＂) similarly. Thus, the thinking of the Yin/Yang School was commonly accepted by Confucians and Taoist in the middle of the Warring States Period, as a way to attest the political rationality, and finally became the important parts of their thoughts. It should be noted that these unearthed texts provide so important views to understand the idealistic multiformity in the ancient Confucians and Taoist, and also, to recognize the value of the chapters in ＂Li Ji＂ and ＂Da Dai Li Ji＂ which have been ignored in the past. Finally, there is no content related Wu-Xing on these bamboo documents.

並列關鍵字

The Yin/Yang School ； ＂San De＂ ； ＂Tian Zi Jian Zhou＂ ； ＂Huang Di Si Jing＂ (＂The Yellow Emperor's Four Canons＂) ； ＂Li Ji ； Da Dai Li Ji＂

參考文獻

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