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《上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書(五)•季庚子問於孔子》“(特殊字元略)則(特殊字元略)眾”考釋

Shanghai Museum Chu bamboo slips "Lu ze shi zhong"

摘要


《上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書(五)》(以下簡稱作《上博(五)》)所收之〈季庚子問於孔子〉一文,紀錄了孔子對於治國興魯的看法,簡文不見於傳世文獻,但與《論語》、《禮記》、《史記》中的記載可以互相發明,是一篇非常重要的儒家佚籍。簡中多數的字己經釋出,但少數的字仍眾說紛紜。其中第10簡有「(特殊字元略)(以下用△1代表)則(特殊字元略)眾」一句,乃簡文中的重要字詞,然而學者們對於「△1」字的考釋和訓讀卻意見紛歧,造成簡文釋讀上的困難。很多學者指出:此句與《上博(二)•從政(甲篇)》第8簡的「(特殊字元略)(以下用△2代表)則(特殊字元略)眾」當為同一敘述,可互相對讀。因此,△1、△2究竟是什麼字,影響到我們對本篇義理的認識。 本文全面蒐羅戰國楚系文字材料,經由比對後,贊成上述二字皆當讀為「鹵」、「滷」。△1一形八「宀」,可視為楚文字中常加的無義偏旁,中間的「(特殊字元略)」形,可釋為「鹵」、也可釋為「西」(△2右旁所從同),必需看上下文義來決定。至於其下的二筆則為飾筆。最後,通過文義釋讀,本文主張讀為「鹵」、「滷」,義為鹵莽,全句謂「鹵莽就會失去眾人的支持」。

關鍵字

上博五 從政 西

並列摘要


”Jigengzi consults Confucius” in Shanghai Museum Chu bamboo slips V, is about Confucian point of kingcraft. Although this writings has not found in ancient books, some of phrase are in connection with The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Rites, Shiji. It is a very important Confucian text. The phrase ”(The particular notation is abbreviated) (use △ 1 to the following) ze shi zhong” is the key word in the text, but many scholars have different view about △1. And many scholars found the phrase was related with the phrase ”(The particular notation is abbreviated) (use △2 to the following) ze shi zhong” in Shanghai Museum Chu bamboo slips II: Congzheng (Jia). After all, what are △1 and △2 are affects the meaning of this writings. This paper searches and collects all Chu characters. △1 ”宀” is common meaningless radical in Chu characters. ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)” is lu (鹵) or xi (西), we should consider its meaning in the sentence. The lower two lines are decorative. After the result of analysis, △1 and △2 are lu (鹵) and lu (滷). Hence, the phrase ”lu ze shi zhong” carries the meaning that ”Archon takes a rash step; he loses the support of the people.”

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