哲學諮商需要以何種倫理學的內涵為基礎？－－以《善的脆弱性》一書為線索

The Underlying Ethics of Philosophical Counseling- Informed by The Fragility of Goodness

尤淑如(Anna YU)

《哲學與文化》 43卷1期 (2016/01) Pp. 139-150

摘要

甚麼樣的倫理學適合成為哲學諮商的理論基礎？哪些倫理學的內涵具倫理學實踐的向度？若能確立哲學諮商(或倫理學實踐)所有之倫理學內涵，則能幫助哲學人更為具體地理解哲學諮商實務工作者的需求，由此促進哲學人與哲學諮商實務工作者更為密切的合作。回應此類問題，應以一種更為務實的態度來理解哲學諮商品及其所需要的倫理學。本文將指出《善的脆弱性》（The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy）一書符合上述特性，符合哲學諮商所需的倫理學內涵，援引書中論述，將有助於掌握「哲學諮商需要甚麼樣的倫理學」。藉由該書，本文提出哲學諮商所需的倫理學應以實踐幸福為目的，需要分析善的脆弱性與幸福受阻的關聯性，並且提供解決幸福受阻的方法或原則。藉著分析運氣的影響，提醒倫理學學者，不要過度樂觀地看待理性的能力，並且要參照運氣的因素重新推視理性，重新評估理性掌控人類生活的程度，以此為未來建構哲學諮商的倫理學提供一條可發展的途徑。

關鍵字

納斯邦 ； 善的脆弱性 ； 運氣 ； 哲學諮商 ； 倫理學

並列摘要

What kind of ethics is suitable as the theoretical foundation of philosophical counseling? Which part of ethics is possessed with the dimension of ethical pratice ? If the ethics necessary for philosophical counseling is determined, we can clearly pinpoint the which part of ethic is involved in philosophical counseling or ethical practice, and philosopher can understand more specifically what the practitioner of philosophical counseling need. facilitating closer cooperation between philosophers and the practitioners of philosophical counseling. To answer the aforementioned questions, one should understand philosophical counseling and the ethics it needs in a more practical attitude. This article point out that these questions are answered in The Fragility of Goodness, which offers the ethics that philosophical counseling needs and would help us understand ＂what kind of ethics philosophical counseling needs.＂ Informed by this book, we point out that hat philosophical counseling needs is something that is meant to fulfill happiness and analyze the link between the fragility of happiness and the hindrance to happiness Through analyzing the influence of luck, we remind scholars of ethics that the capability of reason should not be estimated over optimistically, while we should re-examine reason and revalue how much it control our Iife which is a viable way to develop ethics the foundation of philosophical counseling.

並列關鍵字

Martha C. Nussbaum ； the Fragility of Goodness ； Luck ； Philosophical Counselina ； Ethic

參考文獻

Cohen, Elliot D.(2012)。這麼想就對了─哲學家教你破除11種負面想法。臺北:心靈工坊。

Nussbaum, Martha,Sen, Amartya(1993).The Quality of life.Oxford England:Clarendon Press.

Nussbaum, Martha(2001).The fragility of goodness: luck and ethics in Greek tragedy and philosophy.Cambridge, U.K.:Cambridge University Press.

Nussbaum, Martha(2009).The therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics: with a New Introduction by the Author.Woodstock Princeton, N.J:Princeton University Press.

Nussbaum, Martha(2007)。善的脆弱性。南京:譯林出版社。