天主教社會訓導政治權威觀剖析－在「政府是必要的惡」與「一切權力歸蘇維埃」之間尋求中道

現代人類政治生活經常受到集權主義和個人主義的挑戰。20世紀，國家至上的集權主義政治觀的典型口號就是「一切權力歸蘇維埃」，主張國家淩駕於個人之上，視個人為國家的附庸，以集體的名義吞蝕個體及其家庭；而個人主義雖然不得不承認政治權威的必要性，但是在價值判斷上則將政治權威的擁有者和實施者－政府視為「惡」，主張最大限度削弱政府，以個人至上對抗社會合作和社會公平。教會社會訓導致力於避免陷入這兩種極端，一方面，社會訓導從人的社會性出發，承認國家政權的合理性和必要性，允許國家政權基於公共利益對社會政經秩序進行干預；另一方面，社會訓導又要求國家政權尊重人格尊嚴，依照輔助性原則推動公民社會建設，以團結關懷為目標推進社會發展，從而構建出一種「中道」的政治權威觀。

關鍵字

社會訓導；政治權威；極權主義；個人主義

並列摘要

The modern political life is often challenged by the totalitarianism and individualism. From the beginning of twentieth Century, the typical political slogan of the State Socialist Societies is ＂all power belongs to the Soviets＂, it placed the state on the highest position, which regards the individual person as the vassal of itself, the political structure based on this idea usually ignores the needs of the individual development in the name of country or collective; and the individualism was forced to accept the necessity of the political power, but in value judgment it regards the government as ＂evil＂, so in practice, this idea advocates to minimize the government, does not recognize the common interests above the individual needs. The social teaching of the Catholic Church devotes itself to avoiding falling into these two extremes, and find a middle way between them: in one hand, based on the social nature of the human person, the Church's social teaching recognizes the superiority of the common good and confirms the rationality and necessity of the political authority, allows the state to intervene the social political and economic order for the public interest; on the other hand, the Church's social teaching requires the state regime to respect the dignity of human person and promote the civil society in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity and solidarity of the people.