于斌樞機的三知論與天主教大學精神

于斌樞機主教（1901-1978）於1959年4月21日接受國防部邀請演講時，首先提出三知論這個名詞。但實際上在1957年他在紐約時就已提出了這個觀念，但那時都是為年輕人講的比較沒有受到注目，而1959年的演講因是公開且是在國內，所以受到極大的注意，他自己也以這個時期為起點。他自己雖以為三知論是一個他自己杜撰的名詞，卻認為是一個非常重要的名詞。他說：「我所講的三知論也沒有發明的意義，就是古人所說的知人、知物、知天，這還是古人已經注意的一個問題。不過當中因為時代的演變，尤其是歐風美雨，西學的輸入，中西文化的交流，種種錯綜的關係，慢慢的將古人這個號召沖淡了，甚至於否認了，故今天提出這個問題，雖不是一個新的問題，但至少是要求大家有個新的注意。」天主教大學精神始自耶穌基督的「耶穌周遊各城各村，在他們的會堂內施教，宣講天國的福音」（瑪9:35），之後天主教秉持此一教導，教育成為天主教最重要的使命之一。天主教重要的大學精神教導文獻包括1965年的天主教教育宣言、1990的天主教大學憲章。于樞機的三知論和天主教教育宣言及天主教大學憲章，彼此是若合符節，特別是在他推動輔仁大學的復校及發展而言，他完全是以天主教精神來辦學。

關鍵字

于斌；三知論；天主教大學精神；天主教教育宣言；天主教大學憲章

並列摘要

Cardinal Paul Yu Pin proposed the term, three kinds of knowing, for the first time when he was invited by the Department of Defense to make a speech on April 21st, 1959. Actually, he already proposed this idea in New York in 1957, but that was a lecture for young people and therefore didn't receive so much attention. However, the 1959 speech was made publicly in the country, whereby the theory of three kinds of knowing became widely known, and he himself also considered the speech as the starting point of this theory. Though made by himself, he saw the three kinds of knowing as a very significant term. As he said, the three kinds of knowing was not a new invention but what ancient scholars called ＂knowing people, knowing things and knowing the heaven,＂ which was already paid attention in ancient China. However, due to the changes of times, the import of western knowledge, the interflow between Chinese and western cultures and all kinds of complications, this appeal made by ancient scholars was diluted and even denied. Therefore, he pointed out this issue, though not a new one, to strive for at least some new attention. The spirit of Catholic University began as ＂Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom＂ (Matthew 9: 35). Afterwards, based on this teaching, the Catholic Church saw education as one of the most important missions. Both the 1965 Declaration on Christian Education and the 1990 Charter of Catholic University are important documents on the spirit of Catholic University. Cardinal Paul Yu Pin's theory of three kinds knowing is the same to the 1965 Declaration on Christian Education and the 1990 Charter of Catholic University, particularly on the part of his restoration and development of Fu Jen Catholic University, which was run totally in the spirit of the Catholic Church.