朱熹「靜坐觀」中的兩個轉捩點與區別

靜坐是種端坐凝神靜心的修養工夫，為中國傳統三教文化所運使，然三教的靜坐形態單從外在形貌看來，要深層地分辨其區別實屬不易，彼此最大的不同非是「靜坐」型態，而是「靜坐觀」，換言之就是對靜坐在定義上和目標上有所差異。朱熹當時有諸多關於靜坐的論調，伴隨崇儒排佛和出入佛老的基調，他積極地劃清儒佛兩造靜坐的界線，替儒家靜坐工夫增添更厚實的內涵。朱熹「靜坐觀」的建構與完成，一方面可以從「由禪到靜」、「由靜到敬」的「兩個轉捩點」觀察其師承情況與變化。另一方面也可從「儒佛差異」、「以敬代靜」的「兩個區別」探究其體系和特質。

關鍵字

朱熹；靜坐觀；儒；佛；禪；敬

並列摘要

Summary of meditation is a kind of self-cultivation meditation, for the traditional Chinese culture of the three religions shipped, but the three religions of the meditation form from the external appearance, it is necessary to deeply distinguish the difference is not easy, each other the largest Is not a ＂sit＂ type, but a ＂meditation＂, in other words, there is a difference between the definition and the goal. Zhu Xi was a lot of meditation at the time, with the worship of Buddhism and the Buddha out of the tone, he actively delineated Confucianism and Buddhism sit on the line, for the Confucian meditation to add a thicker connotation. The construction and completion of Zhu Xi's ＂meditation＂ can be viewed from the ＂two turning points＂ from ＂Zen to Quiet＂ and ＂from Jing to Jing＂. On the other hand, it is also possible to explore its system and characteristics from the ＂two differences＂ of ＂Confucianism and Buddhism Differences＂ and ＂Respect＂.