《易傳》與《老子》道器觀比較

陳鼓應提出了「《易傳》非儒家典籍，乃道家系統的著作」，「《易傳》的哲學思想，是屬於道家，而非儒家。」他提出了「《繫辭傳》的道器說本於老子」的觀點。本文將在此脈絡中，首先要分析《老子》和《易傳》中的「道器」所含的內容、相互關係以及兩者對「器」的態度。《老子》追求向自然回歸，《易傳》追求與自然並列。《老子》反對人類文明，希望回到小國寡民。《易傳》肯定人類文明，希望創造一個與天地自然同等美麗的器世界。所以也相應產生了兩種不同的道器觀。本文擬在自然與人文、天．地．人齊等說、道器對等說等不同層次中展開討論《老子》和《易傳》道器觀所含之思維架構與方向，其次，對「《易傳》非儒家典籍，乃道家系統的著作」之主張試作一批判。

關鍵字

《易傳》；老子；道器；陳鼓應；易傳道家著作說；自然；人文

並列摘要

Chen Gu-ying raised a view point that ＂Yizhuan is a work of Daoists, not a book of Confucians＂ and that ＂The philosophical thoughts of Yizhuan belong to Daoists, not Confucians.＂ He also argued that ＂The theory of Dao Qi (or Dao and tool) in Xicizhuan is rooted in Laozi.＂ In this context, this study intends to analyze the content of Dao Qi in Laozi and Yizhuan, and their relationship and attitudes toward Qi. Laozi pursued Qi's return to ziran or nature, while Yizhuan put it in parallel with heaven and earth (in the position). Laozi opposes human civilization and emphasizes the return to small country and few people, while Yizhuan strongly supports human civilization and hopes to create a world of Qi as wonderful as heaven, earth, and nature. This leads to two different views on Dao Qi. From different perspectives such as the aspect of nature and humanities, the theory of Equality among Heaven, Earth, and Human, and the theory of equivalence of Dao and Qi, this study intends to discuss the structure and direction of thinking inherent in Laozi's and Yizhuan's views on Dao Qi. Further, the study critically discusses the view point on ＂Yizhuan is a book of Daoists, not Confucians.＂