身心靈整合的躍昇

身心靈是一體的，根據天主教哲學的設計，感性、理性及靈性都是一種認識的工具、一種認識的方法，都是在幫助我們認識對象：感性認識的目的在幫助我們認識感覺主體，理性認識的目的在幫助我們認識事實、真相以及真理而靈性則在幫助我們認識存有者、超越者及無限的位格的能力。基督宗教認為靈魂和身體有著本質上的差異，但又和身體有密切的關係，靈魂的特點在其道德，在希臘哲學裡，有靈性和哲學的二個層面。希臘哲學對靈魂的分法有所謂二分法人學和三分法人學之說。所謂二分法人學，就是說人是由靈魂和肉身所形成。三分法人學就是說人由三個部份，即靈魂、理智和肉身結合而成。在舊約猶太人的思想裡，強調人是一個整體。整個人可由肉身、精神或宗教等不同層面來探討，但這些不同層面在人內並無區分，也不造成分裂。因此當人死後，他仍具有整體的情況，只是缺乏生活和生氣。到了舊約晚期的智慧文學，可能受到希臘文化的影響，開始出現「靈魂」或「靈魂不滅」等概念。在新約裡，「靈魂」一詞，可以有不同的意義，它可以是指人的生命，完整的人的位格，也可以是指人內心中最隱密的、最有價值的和特別使人成為天主肖像的一切。

關鍵字

身心靈；感性；理性；靈性；幸福；整合；躍昇

並列摘要

Body, Mind and Spirit are one and the same. As designed by Catholic philosophy, sensibility, reason and spirituality are all some kind of cognitive tools, some way of knowing that helps us know the objects. Sensible knowing is meant to helps us know the feeling subjects; reasonable knowing helps us know the facts, the reality and the truth; spirituality helps us know the power of the being, the transcendent and the infinite person. From the perspective of Christianity, soul is essentially different from but closely related to body. In Greek philosophy, soul is characterized by morality and consists of the spiritual and the philosophical dimensions. There are the dichotomous philosophy of man and the trichotomous philosophy of man in Greek philosophy; the former refers to man being formed by soul and body, while the latter refers to man consisting of soul, reason and body. According to the Jewish thoughts as found in the Old Testament, man is an integrated entity that can be approached through the dimensions of body, spirit or religion, while the three dimensions are one and the same. Therefore, even when one passes away, he is still an integrated entity, except now there is neither life nor vitality in him. As parts of the Old Testament, wisdom literature presents the concept of ＂soul＂ or the ＂immortality of soul＂ as a likely effect of Greek culture. In the New Testament, ＂soul＂ has various meanings; it can refer to life, the integrated person of man, and also the most secret and valuable pare of mind that particularly makes one an image of the Lord.