愛觀視閾下儒道耶「新生」路徑之比較及其融通可能──以「死亡事件」為中心之探討

儒家、道家、基督教作為人類不同文明系統的重要思想資源，在全球化及後現代背景下對其進行自覺的對比外推和跨文化交談是必要的。一方面，儒道耶皆有著深厚的傳統思想淵源，而且其核心主張無論是「仁者愛人」、「齊物逍遙」還是「愛人如己」都有著直接的「愛觀」主張；另一方面，儒道耶都有著豐富的「死亡事件」記錄，而且從這些「死亡事件」中可以看出其主要蘊意之一在於「新生」之路。基於此種理論背景，本文以「死亡事件」為中心嘗試探討儒道耶愛觀視閾下的「新生」路徑。第一、在「死亡事件」選擇上，儒道耶三家分別以「顏回之死」、「老聃之死」和「約翰之死」為中心事件予以討論；第二、基於死亡事件的分析可以看出儒道耶的新生之路具體表現為「以生釋死重建秩序」、「善生善死精神逍遙」和「死裡復活彼此相愛」，「新生」既有傳統層面律法、禮樂的繼承，也有個體層面新人生觀、價值觀的確立。第三、「死亡」與「新生」是不同文明系統的共有主題，在相同主題下，跨文化對談的對比、外推和融通才是可能的。第四、從歷時性角度來看，背負傳統尋求新生也是任何時代的共有主題。因此，對於儒道耶愛觀視閾下的「新生」路徑比較，虔誠的研讀經典、體貼神意，自覺的面向生命情境、重建對超越性他者的敬畏，通過多元文化的交談融通，在愛的光照下，融新生之傳統於當代人，這才是「新生」的精義之所在。

關鍵字

愛觀；死亡；新生

並列摘要

As important thought resources of different human civilizations, it is necessary for Confucianism, Daoism and Christianityto consciously compare, extend and dialogue cross-culturally in the background of globalization. On the one hand, they all have profound traditional thought resources, and their core propositions directly maintains a view of love, no matter ＂humane people love people＂, ＂equalization of things and easiness＂ or ＂loving others as oneself＂. On the other hand, they all have abundant records of ＂death event＂, through which we see their main implication is a way of ＂new-birth＂. Based on this theoretical background, this paper investigates Confucian, Daoist and Christian ＂new-birth＂ approaches in the horizon of love viewcentered in ＂death event＂. First, in the selection of ＂death event＂, Confucianism, Daoism and Christianity respectively focus on ＂the death of Yan Hui＂, ＂the death of Lao Dan＂, and ＂The death of John＂. Second, through the analysis of death event we see that Confucian, Daoist and Christian new-birth ways respectively display as ＂reestablishing of order through interpreting death by life＂, ＂spiritual easiness through cherishing life and death＂, and ＂resurrecting from death and loving each other＂. New-birth possesses the inheritance of traditional laws and rituals, as well as the establishment of new life view and value view. Third, ＂death＂ and ＂new-birth＂ are the common theme in different civilization systems. Under the same theme, cross-cultural dialogue, extension and integration become possible. Forth, from the perspective of diachrony, it is a common theme to seek new-birth by carrying tradition. Therefore, through a comparison of Confucian, Daoist and Christian approaches of ＂new-birth＂ in the horizon of love view, the essence of new-birth lies in the following: pious classical reading and understanding God's view, consciously facing life situation, reestablishing the awe at transcendental others, dialoguing and integrating among pluralistic cultures, and fusing the tradition of new-birth with modern people under the light of love.