呂格爾談寬恕、記憶與正義－對處境神學的啟迪

Ricoeur on Forgiving, Memory and Justice - Implications for Contextual Theologies

張名揚(Ming Yeung CHEUNG)

《哲學與文化》 47卷7期 (2020/07) Pp. 27-40

摘要

在尋求實踐轉型正義的基督教處境神學的討論裡，常提到對貧窮人∕負債者的寬免，和對壓迫者的寬恕。前者有時候是作為愛的要求，而後者則作為復和的一部份。但從某一個角度看兩者都與正義有衝突。本文將探討在呂格爾（Paul Ricoeur）思想裡的「困難的寬恕」（le pardon difficile∕difficult forgiving）和「正義的記憶」（la juste mémoire∕just memory）與正義的關係，以及呂格爾的討論如何幫助分辨兩種寬免∕寬恕，再討論免債在聖經中作為寬恕的隱喻的意義，從而幫助實踐轉型正義的神學反思。

關鍵字

寬恕 ； 免債 ； 正義 ； 記憶 ； 隱喻

並列摘要

In the discussions of Christian contextual theologies that promote transitional justice, the forgiveness of debts of the poor and the forgiveness of aggressors constantly appear, the former as the demand of love, the latter as part of the reconciliation process. However, both may be seen as in conflict with justice. In this article, we will discuss how difficult forgiving (le pardon difficile) and just memory (juste mémoire) relate to justice in Ricoeur's thinking, and how his discussions help us to distinguish between two types of forgiving. Then we will discuss the meaning of debt relief as a metaphor of forgiving the Bible, in order to help the theological reflection on the realization of transitional justice.

並列關鍵字

Forgiveness ； Debt Relief ； Justice ； Memory ； Metaphor

參考文獻

Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958.

Abel, Olivier. “L’indépassable dissensus,” La juste mémoire: lectures autour de Paul Ricoeur. Olivier Abel, Enrico Castelli Gattinara, Sabina Loriga, and Isabelle Ullern-Weité. (Eds.). Genève: Labor et Fides, 2006, pp.19-48. http //olivierabel.fr/ricoeur/l-indepassable-dissensus.php. (Retrived: 2020.07.20)

Abel, Olivier. “The Unsurpassable Dissensus: Ethics of Forgiveness in Paul Ricoeur’s Work,” From Ricoeur to Action: The Socio-Political Significance of Ricoeur’s Thinking, Todd S. Mei and David Lewin (Eds.). London and New York: Continuum, 2012, pp.211-228. http://olivierabel.fr/ricoeur/the-unsurpassable-dissensus-use-of-memory-history-and-forgiveness-paul-ricoeur.php.(Retrived: 2020.07.20)

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Ricoeur, Paul. Amour et justice. Points essais 609. Paris: Seuil, 2008.