康德的理性信仰史觀研究

A Study on Kant's Rational View of the History of Faith

劉鳳娟(Feng-juan LIU)

《哲學與文化》 47卷8期 (2020/08) Pp. 155-168

摘要

早期基督教歷史中奧古斯丁與貝拉基關於恩典、自由意志的爭論，一直延續到近代的路德與伊拉斯謨關於相同主題的思想對峙。奧古斯丁－路德主義認為，人靠自己的自由意志沒辦法改惡向善並獲得幸福，由此就為神恩的絕對權威留足了地盤。貝拉基－伊拉斯謨主義則強調，人無需外在恩典，依靠自己就能行善。這兩種信仰路徑被康德在其宗教哲學中描述為純粹信仰與啟示信仰的二律背反。康德通過對該二律背反的解決提出一種調和性的路徑，即以純粹信仰的先驗理念統攝歷史中諸多經驗性的啟示信仰，由此得到的是一種理性信仰史觀。這種信仰的歷史遵循先驗邏輯的方法論，並以辯證思維為輔助，幫助人們理解歷史中啟示信仰以自我揚棄的方式趨向於純粹信仰的演變過程。

關鍵字

康德 ； 純粹信仰 ； 啟示信仰 ； 二律背反

並列摘要

The debate between Augustine and Pelagius on grace and free will in early Christianity turned into the confrontation between Luther and Erasmus on the same theme in modern times. Augustine-Lutheranism holds that man cannot become absolutely good and obtain happiness by his own free will, thus reserving a place for the absolute authority of God's grace. Pelagius-Erasmism emphasizes that people can be saved by themselves without God's grace. These two religious paths were described by Kant as the antinomy between pure faith and faith of revelation. Through the solution of the antinomy, Kant puts forward a way of reconciliation, that is, to control many empirical faiths in history by the transcendental idea of pure faith, and thus to get a rational view of the history of faith. The history follows the methodology of transcendental logic, and with the aid of dialectical thinking, which helps people understand the evolution process of the faith of revelation's tending to pure belief in the way of self sublation.

並列關鍵字

Kant ； Pure Faith ； Faith of Revelation ； Antinomy

參考文獻

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康德，《康德著作全集．第 6 卷：純然理性界限內的宗教》，李秋零譯，北京：中國人民大學出版社，2007。

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