近現代中西交融視域下的《大學》新詮－以馬相伯為例

A New Interpretation of The Great Learning from The Perspective of The Fusion of China and the West in Modern Times: A Case Study of Ma Xiangbo

姚鶯歌(Yingge YAO)

《哲學與文化》 47卷9期 (2020/09) Pp. 181-193

摘要

馬相伯是近現代著名教育家、宗教家，深受西方文化影響，對《大學》有非常詳盡的論述。借助《大學》文本，他展現了科學觀、哲學觀、政治觀和宗教觀。在「格物」、「致知」的闡發中，馬相伯融入西方科學與哲學的分析精神；他將民治、民生的訴求植入《大學》「有土此有財」、「生財有大道」的詮釋中，展現出強烈的民主主義和愛國主義取向。為了救亡圖存，拯救世亂，他特別發揮《大學》「絜矩之道」，強調忠恕而行，破私立公，匡正人心。馬相伯止于天主的至善觀，透顯出以天主為中心的思想特徵和深厚的宗教信仰。他的《大學》新詮雖非嚴格意義上的文本詮釋，但有時代性、民族性、世界性，既充滿愛國精神，又有天下情懷。

關鍵字

馬相伯 ； 《大學》 ； 格物 ； 致知 ； 絜矩之道 ； 至善

並列摘要

Ma Xiangbo, a well-known modern educator and religionist, was deeply influenced by western culture. By using the text of the Great Learning (DaXue 大學), he showed his views on science, philosophy, politics and religion. Ma Xiangbo integrated the analytical spirit of western science and philosophy into the interpretation of Ge wu(格物) and Zhi zhi(致知). He also embedded the appeal of people's governance and livelihood into the interpretation of the texts of the Great Learning, including ＂Where there is land, there is wealth＂ and ＂There is a great course also for the production of wealth＂, thus showing his strong passion on democracy and patriotism. In order to save the nation, he particularly brought out ＂the way of empathy in moderation＂ and emphasized loyalty, benevolent, selflessness and correcting people's thoughts. Ma Xiangbo's view rests at Catholic's ＂highest excellence＂, reveals the ideological characteristic centered on God and profound religious beliefs. While his explanation of the Great Learning cannot be considered as a proper literal interpretation, it has the characteristics of the times, nationality and cosmopolitanism, and is full of both patriotism and world concern.

並列關鍵字

Ma Xiangbo ； Great Learning ； Ge wu(格物) ； Zhi zhi(致知) ； The Way of Empathy in Moderation ； Highest Excellence

參考文獻

馬相伯，《馬相伯集》，朱維錚編，上海：復旦大學出版社，1996。

宋．朱熹，《四書章句集注》，北京：中華書局，2012。

宋．朱熹，《四書或問》，上海：上海古籍出版社；合肥：安徽教育出版社，2001。

陳來，《孔子·孟子·荀子》，北京：生活·讀書·新知三聯書店，2017。

（日）古賀精里，《日本名家四書注釋全書——大學諸說辯誤》，關儀一郎編，東京：鳳出版，1973。