傾聽哲學視野下的童年哲學及其實踐啟示

傳統的西方哲學是一種以視覺為中心的哲學，將注視看作是獲取真知的最主要甚至是唯一的途徑，受此影響童年哲學也傾向於將兒童視為「被觀看或監視」的對象，通過強化對兒童的社會化來適應成人及其文化的要求，因而在本質上是一種缺乏「傾聽」精神的霸權哲學。本文則力圖恢復中國自古以來的「傾聽」傳統，並繼承西方近代以來建立傾聽哲學的努力，以此重構和描繪童年哲學的未來圖景。全文圍繞三方面的內容展開：第一部分重在解構傳統西方哲學所具有的「視覺隱喻」傳統，揭示近代以來西方哲學所發生的傾聽轉向，探索童年哲學的傳統脈絡及重拾傾聽的必要與意義；第二部分通過對傾聽概念的詞源學分析，揭示童年哲學中的傾聽之本質與內涵，分析傾聽的可能類型；第三部分則重在探討實踐中重建與兒童之傾聽關係所應遵循的行動框架、基本原則與倫理態度，並闡明可應用的傾聽方法與策略。

關鍵字

童年哲學；傾聽哲學；兒童學研究；聲景

並列摘要

Traditional western philosophy is a vision-centered philosophy treating seeing or looking as the primary way of obtain knowledge. Informed by such tradition, the philosophy of childhood regards children as the observed or monitored objects, and forces children to adapt themselves to the requirements of adult cultures and their societies. This paper tries to reconstruct the future image for the philosophy of childhood, by reviving the listening tradition of Chinese philosophy and succeeding to the continual efforts of establishing listening philosophy in the West since early modern times. It includes three parts: first, it attempts to deconstruct the ＂visual metaphor＂ of traditional western philosophy, demonstrate the transformation of itself to listening, explore the past theories on the philosophy of childhood and finally discuss the necessities of turning to listening. In the second part, the author etymologically analyzes the concept of listening from both the western and eastern cultural contexts, discloses the complex meanings of listening and points out its possible categories. Lastly, a rudimental practical framework for rebuilding the listening relationship with children is suggested, with the introduction of some effective approaches and strategies.