景教碑刻圖像中的蒙元文化因素

The Mongol-Yuan Cultural Elements in Nestorian Inscriptions

劉悅(Yue LIU)

《哲學與文化》 49卷6期 (2022/06) Pp. 55-73

摘要

基督宗教是一個時常與多元文化和多元族群相遇的信仰，每當它向外傳遞並跨過新的文化界限之時，就會展現出新的生機和內涵，這一特點在景教第二次入華體現得尤為明顯，帶有豐富圖像、裝飾和符號的景教碑銘是洞察蒙元時期的基督宗教與蒙古族群融合於彼此文化理解的重要文獻。蒙元時期的景教並非簡單地適應多元族群，而是運用其文化元素傳播教旨與釋義；同時，多元族群文化也並非被動地接受信仰，而是用自身族群可以理解的方式主動融合，從而創造出一種符合基督宗教和蒙古族群元素等多種要素相融合的物質遺存。本文擬由中國大陸境內出土蒙元時代的景教碑銘談起，通過其上的十字架、朵雲紋、卷草紋和天使的服飾初探其中蘊含的蒙古族群文化元素，期能梳理出景教在蒙元文化語境中與多元族群彼此融合的痕跡。

關鍵字

景教碑 ； 蒙古族群元素 ； 圖像 ； 符號

並列摘要

Christianity is a belief that often meet with multi-cultural and multi-ethnic groups, multi-cultural and multi-ethnic groups; whenever the beliefs are transmitted to the outside world, they need to cross new cultural boundaries and show its new vitality and accommodation. This characteristic is even more prominent when it is introduced into the Chinese cultural circle in Mongol-Yuan period. The Nestorian (East Syriac Christianity) inscriptions with rich images, decorations and symbols are important documents that provide insight into the integration between Christianity and Mongolian in the cultural understanding of each other. Nestorianism did not simply adapt to multi-ethnic groups, but used its cultural elements to spread its teachings and interpretations; at the same time, multi-ethnic cultures did not passively accept beliefs, but actively integrated in a way that their ethnic groups could understand. Accordingly, they create a material relic that is in line with the fusion of Christianity and Mongolian elements. This article aims to explore the Mongolian cultural elements from the crosses, cloud patterns, scroll grass patterns and angel costumes contained in Nestorian inscriptions, with the hope to present the traces of Nestorianism and multi-ethnic integration in the context of Mongol-Yuan culture.

並列關鍵字

Nestorian Inscriptions ； Mongol-Yuan Culture Elements ； Images ； Symbols

參考文獻

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