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柏拉圖《泰阿泰德》「夢論」的描述與亞里斯多德的質形複合定義

Description of "Theory of Dreams" in Plato's Theaetetus and Composite Definition of Matter and Form in Aristotle

摘要


柏拉圖在《泰阿泰德》用很長的篇幅討論了一個蘇格拉底的「夢」,即構成複合物的可感的首要元素沒有描述,且不可知,複合物才是可描述而可知的;他還認為貫通各元素而達整體的「路徑」是可能的描述之一。雖然這些討論最後因為第三個有關知識的定義被否定而不了了之,但在筆者看來,柏拉圖在討論中所蘊含的真知灼見卻被亞里斯多德充分地吸收到了他的質形複合定義方式之中,即元素為質料,路徑為形式。因此,亞里斯多德《形而上學》ZH卷中的質形複合定義思想未嘗沒有受到柏拉圖的《泰阿泰德》中元素與路徑思想的積極影響。

關鍵字

元素 複合物 定義 描述 形式

並列摘要


Plato discusses a Socratic "dream" at length in Theaetetus, that is to say, the perceivable primary elements of complex are unaccountable and unknowable, whereas the complex are both knowable and expressible. He also talks about a kind of description about paths to the whole through the elements. Although these discussions ended with the denial of a third definition of knowledge, the insights contained in these discussions are fully absorbed by Aristotle into his method of definition of complex, which composed of matter as element and form as path. So in my opinion, definition of complex in Aristotle's Metaphysics ΖΗ is perhaps under the positive influence elements and paths in Plato's Theaetetus.

並列關鍵字

Element Complex Definition Description Form

參考文獻


(古希臘)柏拉圖,《泰阿泰德》,詹文傑譯,北京:商務印書館,2015。
(德)愛德華.策勒,《古希臘哲學史(第二卷)——蘇格拉底與蘇格拉底學派》,呂純山譯,北京:人民出版社,2020。
(英)賽德利(David Sedley),《柏拉圖主義的助產士——柏拉圖《泰阿泰德》中的顯白之辭與言下之意》,郭昊航譯,北京:華夏出版社,2020。
(英)A. E. 泰勒,《柏拉圖——生平及其著作》,謝隨知、苗力田、徐鵬譯,濟南:山東人民出版社,1990。
詹文傑,《柏拉圖知識論研究》,北京:北京大學出版社,2020。

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