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叙事與抒情：《紅樓夢》詩學中的風格論
Narrative and lyricism: Style Theory of the Poetics embodied in The Dream of the Red Chamber
摘要
《紅樓夢》乃説部第一之傑作，叙事宏大複雜而精妙入微，卻又是抒情傳統的絶佳繼承者，詩歌作為文人最主要的抒情載體，在其中發揮了説部前所未有的功能，包括其他小説所無的“起結構作用”，而有機地參與了叙事範疇，與人物塑造相互作用，堪稱叙事與抒情的絶妙匯融，更使之成為紅學的重要議題。於緊密結合叙事與抒情的《紅樓夢》中，曹雪芹幾近全面地提供了完整的詩學呈現，也包括了風格論述。透過中西風格學的視角，本文一方面從形式因的幾個方面入手，分析作品的詞藻、句子結構和句法、韻律的格式等現象；另一方面則從動力因的範疇，分析作品中所展現某種獨特的世界觀，亦即“人與世界的某種活生生的關係”，一種對社會生活世界的觀照或對生命存在的感知。據此可以進一步足成《紅樓夢》的完整詩學體系，並使《紅樓夢》的抒情性更形朗現。
並列摘要
Being a great masterpiece of classical novel, The Dream of the Red Chamber is celebrated in its grand, complex and finely-characterizing narrative. At the same time, the work also inherits and incorporates a great Chinese lyrical tradition. In the novel, poems (the main vehicle to express and communicate feelings for Chinese literati) play an unprecedented ＂structural role＂ and are organically incorporated in the narrative. The wonderful blend of narrative and lyrics is an important topic in Hongxue (The critics of The Dream of the Red Chamber), In The Dream of the Red Chamber, which closely combines narrative and poetic lyricism, Cao Xueqin provides a comprehensive poetic representation, including a style discourse. This article analyzes this discourse from both Chinese and Western perspectives on literary style. I first discuss several aspects of the poetic form, analyzing the usage of words, sentence structures, syntax, and the formats of rhythm of the poems in The Dream of the Red Chamber. I then discuss the aspect of poetic motivation, analyzing the unique worldview embodied in the poems, that is, ＂a certain vital relation of man to the world＂, a perception of the social life and/or the existence of life. The discussion contributes to the clarification of the poetics of The Dream of the Red Chamber and illuminates the lyricism of this novel.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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