《公羊傳》、董仲舒、何休對「褒貶」之詮釋與推進－以其關於諸侯稱謂之一字褒貶為例

The Interpretation and Promotion of "Praise and Criticism" by Gongyang Zhuan, Dong Zhongshu and He Xiu-With the Praise and Criticism of the Titles of Princes as an Example

張立恩(Lien ZHANG)

《哲學與文化》 50卷4期 (2023/04) Pp. 101-114

摘要

在《春秋》學中，「褒貶」是一核心範疇，在公羊學中尤其如此。以關於諸侯稱謂之一字褒貶為例來看，從《公羊傳》到董仲舒、何休，對「褒貶」的理解經歷了一個初步奠基到不斷詮釋和推進的過程：《公羊傳》認為褒貶即名爵之進退予奪，《春秋》撥亂反正以俟後聖。其說蘊示著以實現善治與為後王立法詮釋褒貶的可能性，前者見之於董仲舒，後者則由何休所標舉的為漢制法說所彰明。董氏以孔子為素王，強調《春秋》對於漢代政治治理的有效性，從而一字褒貶就成為素王之心的體現與實現善治之津梁。何氏對一字褒貶條例有所擴展，但因其不以孔子為素王而僅強調《春秋》為漢制法，從而作為王法之體現的褒貶就不再是素王之心的展示而成為代漢制法的理論取徑。

關鍵字

褒貶 ； 《公羊傳》 ； 董仲舒 ； 何休

並列摘要

"Praise and criticism" is the core category in the Chun Qiu studies, especially in the Gongyang School. From the Gongyang Zhuan to Dong Zhongshu and He Xiu, the understanding of it has a development process with the praise and criticism of the titles of princes as an example. This concept was used to confer or deprive titles and achieve the goal of improving society in the Gongyang Zhuan. This view contains the possibility of interpretation of the concept from the perspective of good governance and legislation for the future king. Dong Zhongshu believed that Confucius was the uncrowned king, and the Chun Qiu could be used to govern the society of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, this concept was regarded as the will of the uncrowned king and the way to achieve good governance, thus showing the first possibility. He Xiu believed that Confucius established the governing principles for the Han Dynasty in the Chun Qiu, but he was not an uncrowned king. Therefore, this concept was no longer the will of the uncrowned king, but only the way to establish the political system for the Han Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Praise and Criticism ； Gongyang Zhuan ； Dong Zhongshu ； He Xiu

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