民初稽勳局與稽勳留學生的派遣(1912-1913)

The 1912-3 Bureau of Merits of the Nanking Provisional Government and the Sending of Merits Students Studying Abroad

賴淑卿(Shu-Ching Lai)

《國史館館刊》 22期 (2009/12) Pp. 57-95

https://doi.org/10.7058/TAHJ.200912.0057

摘要

民國政體初易，孫中山先生倡議選派稽勳學生出國留學，避免以官賞功，另一方面又可培訓人才，後由北京政府辦理派遣事宜，為首次正式由政府選派留學生出國，嗣因國內政局的影響，稽勳學生派遣暫行中止。稽勳學生的選派，是以建立民國有功者為標準，以廣東及重要起義省分居多；平均薦送年齡二十餘歲；選派原則是以南京臨時政府解散時祕書處職員為主，加上原留學國外輟學回國襄助革命者、原先在國內各學堂肄畢業者或在國內親與戰役者、勳人子弟，及擔任其他職務或華僑本身從事奔走革命者。留學國以美、法為重心；學習科別以攻讀理工、法政、財經者為多，符合民初倡行實業的潮流。就已知稽勳學生總數77人計，明確知道取得博、碩士學位者20人，約占1/4。就返國服務的層面而言，有部分人士是繼續協助孫中山的革命事業，相當程度符合派遣初意。

關鍵字

南京臨時政府 ； 稽勳局 ； 留學

並列摘要

As advised by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in his attempt to avoid giving political rewards And to help selected elite students to develop their careers after the successful revolution of 1911, about eighty revolutionary leaders who, after having rendered signal service towards the overthrow of the Ch'ing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China and having been checked and passed the merits test, were each given an opportunity by the Peking government to receive education abroad. They were the first batch of students to be so sent by the Republican government. These once-again students were all in their early twenties and mostly came from Kwangtung and other revolutionary provinces. Before their selection, most of them had dropped out of schools either at home or abroad for the sake of joining Dr. Sun's revolutionary appeal as soldiers or other capacities and served as secretaries in various ministries and departments of the Nanking provisional government. Most of these merits students were admitted by the colleges in the United States, France, Japan or other countries of Europe to study various subjects relating to humanities, sciences and engineering which were supposed to help developing the new country, while some of them just investigated conditions of the countries they traveled. About twenty persons of the batch managed to get either their respective Ph.D or the M.A. degrees, and in their returning home, some of them devoted themselves to political, economic and educational construction of the country, making their due contributions as planned.

並列關鍵字

Nanking Provisional Government ； Bureau of Merits ； Overseas study

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