日本與戰後臺灣公營航運建設（1945-1957）

1949年後，中國沿海陷入共產黨的控制，航線縮短，船舶過剩，延緩航業發展，導致鉅額虧損，陷入航業危機之中。本文利用國史館典藏《交通部招商局檔案》、中央研究院近代史研究所檔案館的《國營事業司檔案》及外交部典藏《外交部檔案》等相關資料，探析戰後初期政府與航業界如何處理航業危機問題，以交通部招商局為例，為因應航業危機，執行業務調整、設備改良與外資合作等解法方案，強化經營能力。面對航業的不景氣、1952年赴日航業考察團的報告建議應該與日本進行技術合作，並學習日本租借外商船廠經驗，提升造船技術，開啟日後建造10萬噸級巨輪的新局面。另一方面，美國受到其航商施加壓力的影響，僅能提供有限美援。因應美援的制約。航業轉向日本訂購新船，臺船從中取得技術圖樣，兼顧航業與造船業兩方面利益，藉由購買資財達到技術移轉與訓練目的，進而技術升級。

關鍵字

航業危機；赴日考察團；技術合作

並列摘要

Since 1949, China's coastline had fallen under the Communist control, resulting in navigation routes being vastly shortened, and shipping capacities in great excesses, which caused huge losses. This article has excepted materials available from the Academia Historica in Taipei, including the ”Archives of Merchants Steam Navigation company”, and from the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, in addition to the ”Archives of National Corporations” and the ”Archives of Ministry or Foreign Affairs”, with a view to analyzing how the postwar ROC government in Taiwan tried to help solve crises in shipping companies.For example, in response to required adjustments to the business, equipments improvements and cooperation with foreign investments, different solutions were proposed, and in the area of shipping crisis, Merchants Steam Navigation company was formed. Moreover, the report of the Shipping Investigation Group to Japan in 1952 suggested that to solve the problems the government should put shipping technical cooperation into practice, and learn from Japan its experience in leasing the shipyard and upgrading the shipbuilding technology. and opening up the future opportunities for building 100,000-ton ships.In addition, U.S. Aid, under the influence of her shipping companies, only provided Taiwan with limited assistance. Taiwan's shipping companies, therefore, resorted to purchasing Japanese ships and in doing so, they were able to acquire technical drawings for building ships, which proved to be beneficial to both the interests of shipping and shipbuilding industries. As a result of buying capital goods, Taiwan's shipping industry was capable of achieving technology transfer, training, and then upgrading their technology.