中國國民黨改組前後領導制度的轉型（1923-1924）

在中國國民黨綿亙百餘年的革命、黨治、民主化進程中，自1924年一全大會閉幕後的1年期間，既是孫中山人身權威角色烙印在治黨模式裡的最後階段，也是俄共委員會體制經由人為導入而形成改組重要內容乃至嶄新治黨機轉的最初積累階段，兩種經驗共同交會，驗諸運轉動態，實際上在領導制度層面具有混合形式的重要轉型效果。本文運用一手、多元史料，提出「複層權力空間」的理解方式，旨在說明：一、黨內各方在新總章原擬委員合議的領導、組織框架下，如何基於各自的現實需要與情境制約，因而借用孫中山的人治權威，透過總理專章的設置，進一步與中央執行委員會建立一種訓育／被訓育、但具有共構共轉特徵的法制地位。二、針對孫中山和中央執行委員會在黨務運作中的權力行使及對應關係，進行一種實證的、多面向的互動考察，一方面有助於理解國民黨領導制度的轉型，誠不止是制度層面的形式化變革，也與聯俄容共的實際政治進程立為表裡；另一方面也有機會充當我們進一步理解孫中山晚年乃至國民黨後孫時代政治的知識基礎。

關鍵字

中國國民黨；聯俄容共；改組；孫中山；鮑羅廷

並列摘要

The reorganization of the Kuomintang (KMT) in 1924 for a stratified power structure giving the privileges to both Sun Yat-sen and the Central Executive Committee was the very major transformation of the Party's internal leadership system. This study shows the decision by the Party's First National Congress to bestow special rights on Sun Yat-sen in its discussion of the drafting of the Party's Constitution, which was an effort by both the right-wing and the left-wing to seek a mutual balance of power by using Sun Yat-sen as the pivot. Also, this study develops an interactive approach to examine the relationship between the President and the Central Executive Committee. This approach helps us to understand the shift in the leadership system during the KMT's reorganization, which subsequently formed the basic component of the political dynamics in Guangzhou, and contributed to a deeper comp rehension of the KMT's politics in the post-Sun era .