派系與宣傳－中國國民黨內的漫畫戰（1928－1931）

1924年中國國民黨進行改組，將原本散漫的組織及宣傳工作緊密地納入黨機器的指揮之下。然而，歷來研究者多將這段時期的文宣成果，歸因於國共合作下的產物，認為清黨後國民黨連帶斬斷各種通俗宣傳，即使國民黨自身也對南京十年的宣傳工作諱莫如深。這種將清黨視為抽刀斷水的二分法，不僅不正確，且有誤導之嫌。事實上，清黨後仍有原多新進黨員留在黨內，也未放棄對中下階層的宣傳工作。近年《中央日報》附刊《中央畫刊》的重印，證明1928－1930年的南京中央，仍然存在一定的宣傳機制與動能。過去有關國民黨派系之爭的研究，多將關懷旨趣指向在野的改組派身上，反倒對執政的南京中央，少置一詞。因此，本文擬探討1928-1931年間，國民黨內最重要的兩股勢力所進行的一場通俗宣傳戰爭，並以南京中央指導下《中央畫刊》的政宣漫畫為主要分析對象。透過對《中央畫刊》的再認識，可以確定清黨後，國民黨並未放棄漫畫宣傳，但這段時間非常短暫，1931年後國民黨文宣部門不再著力於此，確實的原因還需要更多史料的佐證。但回顧民國時期，國民黨的宣傳漫畫在黨內不同派系與中國共產黨的內外交迫下，搖擺於左、右之間的政治立場與創作理念，明顯帶著揮之不去，又欲掩彌彰的曖昧性與模糊性。

關鍵字

中國國民黨；南京國民政府；改組派；汪兆銘；陳公博

並列摘要

Since the holding of the First National Congress of the KMT in January, 1924, Sun yat-sen had stressed the importance of party unity and the development of a strong organization for national unification and reconstruction. The KMT-CCP marriage was one of convenience, as the one was in need of but also distrusting the other. The KMT desired the Soviet aids to revitalize the party, to develop a party army, and to carry out the National Revolution, while the CCP needed the KMT to foster his cells. It was only after the Nationalists had successfully imposed these restrictions on the Communists that Chiang kai-shek could have set out on his Northern Expedition in July 1926. With the support of the Shanghai financial circles, Chiang became more determined to persecute the Communists, and a purge committee was organized in April, 1927. Even after the purge of the Communists inside the Party, there remained, however, a broad stratum of KMT members who advocated more radical solutions to the nation's problems. Still, it was clear that many of the low-ranking and young members of the party were sympathetic with the views of the Party's left-wingers. Wang Jing-wei was their recognized leader, but he was then sojourning abroad. At home the moving spirit behind the left-wing organization was Wang's loyal associate, Chen Kung-po, who in May 1928 began publishing the anti-Nanking weekly (Revolutionary critic) as a mouthpiece for the left wingers. Faced with the uncertain prospects of the Nanjing Government, Chen Kungpo decided to organized the Chinese KMT Reorganization Comrades Association, or the Reorganization Clique, as it was called. Their opposition to Chiang and the authorities in Nanking was not limited only to ideological theorizing, but also extended to newspapers, magazines, and popular propaganda. Many scholars have contributed to the study of the left wing of the KMT, the Reorganization Clique. In fact, the Propaganda Department of the Nanging Government still adapted political cartoons of ＂Chungyang Huakan＂ (The Central Pictorial) in its attacks on the Reorganization clique. The cartoonist raised the banner of what was called the ＂cartoon warfare＂ The continuity between the First United Front of the KMT and the CCP and the early years of the Nanking Government was obvious and should not be ignored.